Panthera pardus

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,060 meters (0 to 13,320 feet).[1]

Biome: Terrestrial

Ecology: In sub-Saharan Africa, they are found in all habitats with annual rainfall above 50 mm and can penetrate areas with less than this amount of rainfall along river courses . The leopard is the only African cat species which occupies both rainforest and arid desert habitats. In Southwest and Central Asia, leopards formerly occupied a range of habitats, but now are confined chiefly to the more remote montane and rugged foothill areas. Through India and Southeast Asia, leopards are found in all forest types , from tropical rainforest to the temperate deciduous and alpine coniferous , and also occur in dry scrub and grasslands (Nowell and Jackson 1996).[2]


List of Habitats:1.5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 2.1Savanna - Dry 3.5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 4.4Grassland - Temperate 4.5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 8.1Desert - Hot

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 28-Oct-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Panthera

There are approximately 79 species in this genus:

P. atrox · P. crassidens · P. gombaszoegensis · P. leo (African Lion) · P. leo atrox (Lion) · P. leo bleyenberghi · P. leo goojratensis · P. leo krugeri · P. leo leo (African Lion) · P. leo massaica · P. leo massaicus · P. leo melanochaita · P. leo nyanzae · P. leo persica (Asiatic Lion) · P. leo senegalensis · P. leo somaliensis · P. leo spelaea (Eurasian Cave Lion) · P. leo vernayi · P. onca (Jaguar) · P. onca ariconensis · P. onca arizonensis · P. onca centralis · P. onca goldmani · P. onca hernandesi · P. onca hernandesii · P. onca onca (Jaguar) · P. onca palustris · P. onca paraguensis · P. onca peruviana · P. onca peruvianus · P. onca veracrucensis · P. onca veraecrucis · P. pardus (Leopard) · P. pardus adersi (Zanzibar Leopard) · P. pardus adusta · P. pardus antinorii · P. pardus bedfordi · P. pardus chui · P. pardus ciscaucasica · P. pardus dathei · P. pardus delacouri (Leopard) · P. pardus fusca · P. pardus ituriensis · P. pardus japonensis (North Chinese Leopard) · P. pardus jarvisi (Sinaï Leopard) · P. pardus kotiya (Sri Lankan Leopard) · P. pardus leopardus (Leopard) · P. pardus melanotica · P. pardus melas (Javan Leopard) · P. pardus millardi · P. pardus nanopardus · P. pardus nimr (South Arabian Leopard) · P. pardus orientalis (Amur Leopard) · P. pardus panthera (North African Leopard) · P. pardus pardus · P. pardus pernigra · P. pardus reichenowi · P. pardus saxicolor (North Persian Leopard) · P. pardus shortridgei · P. pardus sindica (Leopard) · P. pardus suahelica · P. pardus tulliana (Anatolian Leopard) · P. platensis · P. schaubi · P. schreuderi · P. spelaea · P. tigris (Tiger) · P. tigris altaica (Siberian Tiger) · P. tigris amoyensis (South China Tiger) · P. tigris balica (Balinese Tiger) · P. tigris corbetti (Indochinese Tiger) · P. tigris longipilis (Siberian Tiger) · P. tigris sondaica (Javan Tiger) · P. tigris styani · P. tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) · P. tigris tigris (Bengal Tiger) · P. tigris virgata (Hyrcanian Tiger) · P. toscana · P. uncia

More Info

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Further Reading

• African Ixodoidea. l. Ticks of the Sudan... [Washington]1956. ENG url p. 797.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 118, p. 124, p. 135, p. 145, p. 146.
• Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 588, p. 658, p. 720, p. 723, p. 736.
• Cat Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website
• Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. ENG url p. 315, p. 315, p. 316, p. 316.
• Field Museum of Natural History bulletin. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, [1930]-c1990. ENG url p. 12, p. 19.
• General function of the gall bladder from the evolutionary standpoint, by Frank W. Gorham and Andrew Conway Ivy. Chicago, 1938. ENG url p. 194.
• Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler). 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Mammals of Eastern Asia / by G.H.H. Tate. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. ENG url p. 194.
• Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. (compilers and editors) 1996. Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (online version)
• Papers on mammalogy, published in honor of Wilfred Hudson Osgood. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1941 ENG url p. 321, p. 358.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 594.
• Readings in mammalogy: selected from the original literature and introduced with comments / by J. Knox Jones, Jr. and Sydney Anderson. [Lawrence]Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1970. ENG url p. 376.
• Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée. recueil mensuel Par F. E. Guérin-Méneville; avec la collaboration scientifique de A. Focillon. Paris: Au Bureau de la Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. FRE url p. 387.
• Systematic review of Southeast Asian longtail macaques, Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, [1821]) / Jack Fooden. [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1995. ENG url p. 55.
• The carnivores of West Africa. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1974. ENG url p. 439, p. 445, p. 447, p. 451, p. 526, p. 528, p. 530.
• The carotid circulation in the domestic cat; by D. Dwight Davis and H. Elizabeth Story. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1943 ENG url p. 33.
• The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) / Dale J. Osborn, Ibrahim Helmy. [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. ENG url p. 451, p. 453, p. 454, p. 53, p. viii, p. xiii.
• The contribution of archaeology to the zoogeography of Borneo: with the first record of a wild canid of Early Holocene Age; a contribution in celebration of the distinguished scholarship of Robert F. Inger on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday / E Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1988. ENG url p. 1.
• The giant panda: a morphological study of evolutionary mechanisms / D. Dwight Davis. Chicago, U.S.A.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1964. ENG url p. 20.
• W. Christopher Wozencraft: Status: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered (except in Africa, in the wild, south of, and including Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Uganda, and Kenya, where this species is Threatened). IUCN - Threatened
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xviii + 1207. ISBN: 1-56098-217-9.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Cat Specialist Group 2002. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Michigan State University Museum, Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum, Mammal specimens
• University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Biology, Animal observations
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Mammal specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2478187
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-183804
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13808248
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183804
• IUCN ID: 15954
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A01J
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 8706

Footnotes

1. Mean = 554.310 meters (1,818.602 feet), Standard Deviation = 650.180 based on 320 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Cat Specialist Group 2002. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]

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