Interesting Facts
- The osprey and the bald eagle are the only fisheating North American birds that enter the water feet first. Scale-like projections on the bottom of their talons help hold the slippery fish. The osprey is almost totally dependent on fish for food; salmon, perch, trout, chubs, suckers , sunfish, catfish, and whitefish represent the various species they catch .[1]
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Visvalk
Common Names in Albanian:
Shqiponja Peshkngrënëse
Common Names in Armenian:
[jrartsiv ]
Common Names in Asturian:
Aigla Pexera
Common Names in Azerbaijani:
Çay Qaraqusu
Common Names in Basque:
Àguila Pescadora
Common Names in Breton:
An Erer Splujer
Common Names in Catalan:
Àguila Peixatera
Common Names in Catalan (Balears):
Àguila Peixatera
Common Names in Chinese:
[e]
Common Names in Cornish:
Morer
Common Names in Creoles and Pidgins,:
Malfini
Common Names in Croatian:
Bukoc
Common Names in Czech:
Orlovec Rícní, Orlovec øíèní
Common Names in Danish:
Fiskeørn
Common Names in Dutch:
Visarend
Common Names in English:
American Osprey, Fish Eagle, Fish Hawk, Osprey, Seahawk
Common Names in Esperanto:
Fi^saglo
Common Names in Estonian:
Kalakotkas
Common Names in Faroese:
Fiskiørn
Common Names in Finnish:
Kalasääski, Sääksi
Common Names in French:
Aigle Botté, Balbuzard Pêcheur
Common Names in Frisian:
Fiskearn
Common Names in Friulian:
Falcuz Pescjadôr
Common Names in Gaelic:
Càirneach
Common Names in Galician:
Aguia Pescadora
Common Names in German:
Fischadler
Common Names in Guadeloupean Creole :
Aiglon
Common Names in Guarani:
Taguato Rye Morotî
Common Names in Haitian Creole Frenc:
Malfini Lanmè
Common Names in Hungarian:
Halászsas
Common Names in Icelandic:
Gjóður
Common Names in Indonesian:
Elang Ikan
Common Names in Irish:
Coirneach
Common Names in Italian:
Falco Pescatore
Common Names in Japanese:
Misago
Common Names in Latin:
Pandion haliaetus
Common Names in Latvian:
Kirans
Common Names in Lithuanian:
Erelis žuvininkas
Common Names in Malay:
Helang Hitam
Common Names in Maltese:
Arpa
Common Names in Manx:
Shawk Eeastee
Common Names in Moldavian:
Acvila Pitica
Common Names in Northern Sami:
Ciekcá
Common Names in Norwegian:
Fikejo
Common Names in Polish:
Rybolów
Common Names in Portuguese:
águia Pesqueira, Águia-Pesqueira
Common Names in Portuguese (Brazil):
Águia-Pescadora
Common Names in Romansh:
Evla Da Peschs
Common Names in Russian:
Skopa
Common Names in Scots:
Iolaire Lasgaich
Common Names in Serbian:
Orao Ribar
Common Names in Slovak:
Kršiak Rybár
Common Names in Slovenian:
Ribji Orel
Common Names in Spanish:
Águila Calzada, Águila Pescadora, Gavilán Pescador
Common Names in Spanish (Argentine):
Aguila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Costa Rica):
Aguila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Cuba):
Guincho
Common Names in Spanish (Dominican R:
Guincho
Common Names in Spanish (Honduras):
Aguila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Mexico):
águila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Nicaragua):
Aguila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Paraguay):
Águila Pescadora
Common Names in Spanish (Uruguay):
Águila Pescadora
Common Names in Swahili:
Kipungu
Common Names in Swedish:
Fiskgjuse
Common Names in Turkish:
Balik Kartali
Common Names in Valencian:
Àguila Pescadora
Common Names in Vietnamese:
Chim ó Cá
Common Names in Welsh:
Eryr Y Dwr
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Head : white with some dark brown Face : Cere: grayish Cheeks: white with broad black horizontal bar Eye Color: yellowish Body: Belly: white Underparts: mostly white Upperparts: dark brown with purplish gloss Legs : Leg Color: grayish Tail: narrow black bars Length : long.Adult Female: Head: white with some dark brown Face: Cere: grayish Cheeks: white with broad black horizontal bar Eye Color: yellowish Body: Belly: white Chest: usually lightly streaked with dark brown Underparts: mostly white Upperparts: dark brown with purplish gloss Legs: Leg Color: grayish Tail: narrow black bars Length: long.Adult Male: Head: white with some dark brown Face: Cere: grayish Cheeks: white with broad black horizontal bar Eye Color: yellowish Body: Belly: white Chest: immaculate white Underparts: mostly white Upperparts: dark brown with purplish gloss Legs: Leg Color: grayish Tail: narrow black bars Length: long.Basic: Head: mostly white Face: Lores : dark stripe to nape Neck: Nape: dark strip to lores Body: Underparts: mostly white Upperparts: dark brown.Immature: Head: white with some dark brown Face: Cere: grayish Cheeks: white with broad black horizontal bar Eye Color: yellowish Body: Belly: white Mantle: buffy scaling Underparts: mostly white tinged with buffy Upperparts: dark brown with purplish gloss Legs: Leg Color: grayish Tail: narrow black bars Length: long.
Color:
Adult
male: Underparts entirely white
Adult female: Dark necklace of streaks on throat
Immature
: White tips
to dark back feathers
Size/Age/Growth
About 21 to 24 inches long, with a wingspan of 54 to 72 inches. Adults weigh about 49.6 ounces . Females are slightly larger than the males.
Habitat
Since they live entirely on fish, ospreys naturally prefer to dwell in the vicinity of lakes , seacoasts, or rivers where they can find an abundance of prey .[1]
Vegetation: freshwater marshes, coastal waters, freshwater lakes and ponds, rivers • Foraging Strata: Water • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Medium
Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.1 Forest - Boreal 1.4 Forest - Temperate 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls ) 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
Biology
Diet
Wheeling high above the clear, shallow water, a quick bird hovers , folds its wings and plunges feetfirst downward. Within seconds the bird emerges, shaking excess water from its plumage, and rotates a captured fish head forward for the least wind resistance. The successful predator then circles above its feeding ground several times, slowly gains altitude , and disappears over the horizon.[1]
Reproduction
Ospreys generally construct their nests
in the tops of dead trees
along shores
. They utilize short stumps
or particular submerged snags
for their nests, usually at the mouth
of a river
or in its backwaters
. An osprey nest, three to five feet in diameter, is an ingenious accumulation of sticks
, grasses, mosses, and lichens. The birds gather construction materials
from the ground
or snatch sticks during flight from existing dead trees. Throughout the breeding season
, adult
ospreys may continually add large sticks to their nests. After the young have fledged, they use nests as perches
. As a result of the fledging activity, nests may become damaged and reduced in size; by autumn many nests are partially broken
down
, and much of the nesting material has fallen to the ground. North American ospreys usually return to their northern breeding areas in late March and early April. The entire breeding population arrives within one to two weeks, excluding the previous season's nestlings, which remain three years at the wintering
grounds. Although ospreys mate for life, they renew
their bond with courtship
displays each spring
. This consists largely of aerial
gymnastics by both sexes, swift-pursuit aerial races, soaring, swooping, and hovering in wide circles. The male usually carries a fish in his talons, and presents it to the female. Breeding females lay
two or three eggs
(more rarely four) in late April or early May. Although some males assist their mates, it's usually the female that handles the 33-day incubation
. The young usually hatch
the first week of June and fledge
sometime during the second week of August. Throughout incubation and early stages of the brooding period, chicks are cared for my mothers; the male provides fish for his mate and developing young. If he's hungry, he eats the head
and viscera
of the fish before dropping it into the nest. After six weeks, nestlings are strong
enough to stand up and feed
themselves, so both parents provide food, depositing it at the nest and flying away. While the male is fishing
, the female perches at the edge
of the nest or spends time rearranging nesting material. She utters shrill chirps when her mate approaches the nest with a fish. The young raise their heads to watch him as he circles and drops the fish into the nest. The male then retires to a perch where he rests and preens his feathers
.[1]
Common breeder in tidewater
habitats
along the Chesapeake Bay
and Eastern Shore, nesting from late March to late July.
Breeding Habitat: Wetland-open water Clutch
Size: 3-4 Length
of Incubation: 32-43 days Days to Fledge: 48-59 Number of Broods: 1
Migration
Migratory
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Chordates
- Class:
Aves
(
)
- Birds
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
)
- Albatrosses, Alcids
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.
Similar Species
Bald Eagle
Members of the genus Pandion
There are approximately 12 species in this genus:
P. cristatus (Australian Osprey) · P. cristatus cristatus · P. haliaeetus · P. haliaetus (American Osprey) · P. haliaetus carolinensis (American Osprey) · P. haliaetus cristatus · P. haliaetus haliaetus (Osprey) · P. haliaetus leucocephalus · P. haliaetus melvillensis · P. haliaetus microhaliaetus · P. haliaetus ridgwayi (Caribbean Osprey) · P. leucocephalus
More Info
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Further Reading
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- A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over two hundred and fifty species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page pl Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company[1904] ENG url p. 235.
- A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 119.
- A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 6.
- A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology By W London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 ENG url p. 239, p. 242, p. 244, p. 246, p. 248, p. 250.
- A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 182, p. 184.
- A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 565.
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Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 33 providers.
- New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009.
- Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
- New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851372
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-175592
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13794919
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175590
- IUCN ID: 49304
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNKC01010
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 178032
Footnotes
- New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009. [back]
