Ornithoptera croesus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Papilionidae

'The Papilionidae belong to the Superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Swallowtails are worldwide in distribution and comprise approximately 560 species. They are richest in the tropics, and their brilliant colors make them favorites of butterfly enthusiasts. Many swallowtail species, especially in the tropics, mimic other butterflies that are distasteful, while others are distasteful and cause birds and other vertebrate predators to regurgitate. Swallowtail adults are medium to large and may or may not have tails, while parnassian adults are medium, tailless, and have translucent wings . All adult parnassians and swallowtails have three pairs of walking legs , and adults of all species visit flowers for nectar.

'[1]

Subfamily Papilioninae

Swallowtails are members of the Family Papilionidae. They comprise about 560 species, have a worldwide distribution, and are richest in the tropics. Many are brilliantly colored and are favorites of butterfly enthusiasts. Many species, especially those in the tropics, mimic other butterflies that are distasteful, while others are distasteful and cause birds and other vertebrate predators to regurgitate. Adults are medium to large, may or may not have tails, and have three pairs of walking legs . Adults of all species visit flowers for nectar. Males of most species patrol for mates, while males of one group (Black, Old World, Anise, and Indra Swallowtails) perch on hilltops or ridges instead of patrolling . Swallowtails lay globular eggs and overwinter as pupae. Some species spend more than one year in the pupal stage, likely to survive drought years when little caterpillar food is available. In arid areas, the Black, Anise, and Indra Swallowtails often display this strategy.

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [2].

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Ornithoptera croesus toeantei Parrott & Schmidt • Ornithoptera croesus wallacei Deslisle

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 25-Jan-2007

Note , for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.[2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ornithoptera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species and subspecies in this genus:

O. alexandrae (Queen Alexandra's Birdwing) · O. chimaera (Chimaera Birdwing) · O. chimaera chimaera (Chimaera Birdwing) · O. croesus (Wallaces's Golden Birdwing) · O. goliath (Goliath Birdwing) · O. meridionalis (Ornithopt) · O. paradisea (Butterfly Of Paradise) · O. rothschildi (Rothschild's Birdwing)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 178.
• Alfred Russel Wallace; letters and reminiscences, London, New York [etc.]Cassell and company, ltd., 1916. url p. 281.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 162.
• Catalogue of Papilionidae & Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill: C.A. Bridges, 1988. url p. 34, p. 89.
• Charles Darwin and the Origin of species; addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries, by Edward Bagnall Poulton. .. Published Nov. 24, 1909, being the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of 'The origin of species'. London, Longmans, Green, and co., 1909. url p. 296, p. 301, p. 301.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 180.
• Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 14.
• International code of zoological nomenclature = Code international de nomenclature zoologique / London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o Natural History Museum, 1999. url p. 132.
• The Bulletin of zoological nomenclature. London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. url p. 72.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url , p. 265.
• The Malay Archipelago: the land of the oranguatan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. New York: Harper, 1869. url p. 342.
• The Malay archipelago: the land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise: a narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature / by Alfred Russel Wallace. London; New York: Macmillan, 1890. url p. 258.
• The descent of man: and selection in relation to sex / New York: Merrill and Baker, pref. 1874. url .
• The naturalist in La Plata / London: Chapman and Hall, 1895. url .
• The naturalist in La Plata / by W.H. Hudson; illustrations by J. Smit. London: J.M. Dent, 1922. url .
• The naturalist in La Plata, by W.H. Hudson. .. Illustrations by J. Smit. New York, E.P. Dutton & Co.[1922] url p. 206, p. 393.
• The naturalist in La Plata. New York, Dutton[1922] url .
• The standard natural history / edited by John Sterling Kingsley. Boston: S.E. Cassino, 1884-85. url p. 502.
• Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book IUCN url p. 128, p. 148, p. 21, p. 294, p. 295, p. 83.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 25 1886 London: [The Society], 1791-1875. url p. 37.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. Ornithoptera croesus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• GloBIS (GART)
• GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System. Release date: November 23, 2008
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5568031
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Gar-405
• IUCN ID: 228756
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 6826

Footnotes

1. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=14&sci=Papilionidae&com=Parnassians and Swallowtails [back]
2. Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. Ornithoptera croesus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.