Melospiza melodia

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The habitats of the Song Sparrow include those used for breeding plus overgrown fields , marshes, brushy fields, and thickets in both residential and agricultural areas.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.2     Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars , Spits , Etc   
  
•     12.5     Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Diet consists of insects, seeds, and sometimes fruit. The food is found by searching the ground and nearby vegetation.

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in early April, peaks later that month, and extends into mid-August. Breeding habitat includes open grassy areas with scattered shrubs and trees , shrubby residential areas, hedgerows, and pond edges . Early in the season most nests are on or near the ground ; later nests are built higher up, usually in small trees or shrubs.The nest is cup-shaped and constructed from grass , bark strips, and other plant material . The female lays 2-6 (usually 3-4) eggs that she incubates for 12-14 days. The young are altricial and fledge 9-12 days after hatching . The young are dependent on the adults for 1-2 weeks after leaving the nest. If the female nests again after the first group fledges, the male will take care of the first group of young alone.

• Breeding Habitat: Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge: 9-12(-16)
• Number of Broods: 2-3, occasionally 4

Migration

Northern birds migrate

The song of this sparrow is very musical, usually ending in a trill.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Melospiza melodia (Wilson, 1810)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

First described: Townsend, C.H. Scientific results of explorations by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. No. XV.-Reptiles from Clarion and Socorro Islands and the Gulf of California, with description of a new species. Proc. US Nat. Mus. 13: 143, 1890.

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

Savannah Sparrow, Lincoln's Sparrow

Members of the genus Melospiza

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 18 species and subspecies in this genus:

M. georgiana (Swamp Song Sparrow) · M. georgiana ericrypta (Swamp Sparrow) · M. georgiana georgiana (Swamp Sparrow) · M. georgiana nigrescens (Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow) · M. lincolnii (Lincoln's Song Sparrow) · M. lincolnii alticola (Lincoln's Sparrow) · M. lincolnii lincolnii (Lincoln's Song Sparrow) · M. melodia (Everybody's Darling) · M. melodia amaka (Amak Island Song Sparrow) · M. melodia graminea (Santa Barbara Song Sparrow) · M. melodia insignis (Bischoff's Song Sparrow) · M. melodia maxillaris (Suisun Song Sparrow) · M. melodia maxima (Giant Song Sparrow) · M. melodia melodia (Everybody's Darling) · M. melodia pusillula (Alameda Song Sparrow) · M. melodia rufina (Sooty Song Sparrow) · M. melodia samuelis (San Pablo Song Sparrow) · M. melodia sanaka (Aleutian Song Sparrow)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Melospiza melodia. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 02February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 14, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The New York Botanical Garden: Bronx River Bioblitz
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7267
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179519
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2496811
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179492
• IUCN ID: 222693
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBXA3010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 902

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.660 meters (94.029 feet), Standard Deviation = 44.160 based on 111,017 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.