Melospiza melodia

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The habitats of the Song Sparrow include those used for breeding plus overgrown fields , marshes, brushy fields, and thickets in both residential and agricultural areas.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,793 meters (0 to 12,444 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands

Biology

Diet

Diet consists of insects, seeds, and sometimes fruit. The food is found by searching the ground and nearby vegetation.

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in early April, peaks later that month, and extends into mid-August. Breeding habitat includes open grassy areas with scattered shrubs and trees , shrubby residential areas, hedgerows, and pond edges . Early in the season most nests are on or near the ground ; later nests are built higher up, usually in small trees or shrubs.The nest is cup-shaped and constructed from grass , bark strips, and other plant material . The female lays 2-6 (usually 3-4) eggs that she incubates for 12-14 days. The young are altricial and fledge 9-12 days after hatching . The young are dependent on the adults for 1-2 weeks after leaving the nest. If the female nests again after the first group fledges, the male will take care of the first group of young alone.

• Breeding Habitat: Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge: 9-12(-16)
• Number of Broods: 2-3, occasionally 4

Migration

Northern birds migrate

The song of this sparrow is very musical, usually ending in a trill.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Savannah Sparrow, Lincoln's Sparrow

Members of the genus Melospiza

There are approximately 57 species in this genus:

M. fasciata · M. georgiana (Swamp Song Sparrow) · M. georgiana ericrypta (Swamp Sparrow) · M. georgiana georgiana (Swamp Song Sparrow) · M. georgiana nigrescens (Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow) · M. goldmani · M. lincolni · M. lincolnii (Lincoln's Song Sparrow) · M. lincolnii alticola (Lincoln's Sparrow) · M. lincolnii gracilis · M. lincolnii lincolnii (Lincoln's Song Sparrow) · M. lincolnii x · M. melodia (Everybody's Darling) · M. melodia adusta · M. melodia amaka (Amak Island Song Sparrow) · M. melodia atlantica · M. melodia caurina · M. melodia clementae · M. melodia cleonensis · M. melodia cooperi · M. melodia cooperii · M. melodia coronatorum · M. melodia euphonia · M. melodia fallax · M. melodia fisherella · M. melodia goldmani · M. melodia gouldi · M. melodia gouldii · M. melodia graminea (Santa Barbara Song Sparrow) · M. melodia heermani · M. melodia heermanni · M. melodia inexpectata · M. melodia inexspectata · M. melodia insignis (Bischoff's Song Sparrow) · M. melodia juddi · M. melodia kenaiensis · M. melodia mailliardi · M. melodia maxillaris (Suisun Song Sparrow) · M. melodia maxima (Giant Song Sparrow) · M. melodia melodia (Everybody's Darling) · M. melodia merrilli · M. melodia mexicana · M. melodia micronyx · M. melodia montana · M. melodia morphna · M. melodia pisillula · M. melodia pusillula (Alameda Song Sparrow) · M. melodia rivularis · M. melodia rufina (Sooty Song Sparrow) · M. melodia saltonia · M. melodia saltonis · M. melodia samuelis (San Pablo Song Sparrow) · M. melodia sanaka (Aleutian Song Sparrow) · M. melodia santaecrucis · M. melodia villai · M. melodia yuriria · M. rufina

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1959 UND url p. 112, p. 125, p. 241, p. 302, p. 464, p. 56.
• A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. San Francisco, 1955. ENG url p. 642.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 17.
• A first book upon the birds of Oregon and Washington: a pocket guide and pupil's assistant in a study of the more common land birds and a few of the shore and water birds of these states / by William Rogers Lord. Portland, Or.: William Rogers Lod, Office of the J.K. Gill Co., 1902 ENG url p. 275.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 16, p. 19, p. 24, p. 26, p. 27, p. 29, p. 31, p. 58.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 386, p. 388, p. 570.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 144, p. 214.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 432.
• A popular zoology / by J. Dorman Steele and J.W.P. Jenks. New York: A.S. Barnes and Company, c 1887. ENG url p. 315.
• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 140, p. 141, p. 158, p. 38, p. 41.
• American birds, studied and photographed from life, by William Lovell Finley; illustrated from photographs by Herman T. Bohlman and the author. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1907. ENG url p. 160.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 598.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 464.
• Animal life in the Yosemite; an account of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians in a cross-section of the Sierra Nevada, by Joseph Grinnell and Tracy Irwin Storer Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1924. ENG url p. 468, p. 469.
• Annals of the Entomological Society of America. [College Park, Md., etc.]: Entomological Society of America. ENG url p. 282, p. 77.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 110, p. 124, p. 128, p. 135, p. 154, p. 158, p. 412, p. 412, p. 419, p. 419, p. 430, p. 434, p. 437, p. 93, p. 96, p. 99.
• Annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended Washington: G.P.O., 1914- ENG url p. 107.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 59.
• Ardea. [Amsterdam, etc., Nederlandse Ornithlogische Unie, etc.] ENG url p. 54.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 277, p. 278, p. 279.
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• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 102, p. 198.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds of California; an introduction to more than three hundred common birds of the state and adjacent islands, with a supplementary list of rare migrants, accidental visitants, and hypothetical subspecies, by Irene Grosvenor Wheelock with ten fullpag Chicago, A.C. McClurg and Co., 1912. ENG url p. 565.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 176.
• Birds of the Boston Public garden, a study in migration, by Horace Winslow Wright; with an introduction by Bradford Torrey and illustrations. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin co., 1909. ENG url p. 120, p. 234.
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• Darwinism; an exposition of the theory of natural selection, with some of its applications, by Alfred Russel Wallace. London and New York, Macmillan and co., 1889. ENG url p. 52.
• Das Leben der europchen Kuckucke: nebst Beitrn zur Lebenskunde der n parasitischen Kuckucke und Stinge / von A.C. Eduard Baldamus. Berlin: Verlag von Paul Parey, 1892. GER url p. 186.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed July 09, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• The Georgia Museum of Natural History and Georgia Department of Natural Resources

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 14, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The New York Botanical Garden: Bronx River Bioblitz
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850243
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179523
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14074710
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179492
• IUCN ID: 53546
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBXA3010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 902

Footnotes

1. Mean = 522.740 meters (1,715.026 feet), Standard Deviation = 924.740 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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