Melanitta fusca

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: freshwater marshes, coastal waters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: High

Biology

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Aquatic Invertebrates Fish

Lesser Quantities of: Green Plant Matter

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
• Clutch Size: 7-10
• Length of Incubation : 28(25-30) days
• Days to Fledge : 63-75
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Surf Scoter, Black Scoter

Members of the genus Melanitta

There are approximately 14 species in this genus:

M. americana (Black Scoter) · M. deglandi · M. deglandi deglandi · M. deglandi dixoni · M. fusca (White-Winged Scoter) · M. fusca deglandi (White-Winged Scoter) · M. fusca dixoni (White-Winged Scoter) · M. fusca fusca (White-Winged Scoter) · M. fusca ssp · M. fusca stejnegeri (White-Winged Scoter) · M. nigra (Common Or American Scoter) · M. nigra americana (Black Scoter) · M. nigra nigra (Common Or American Scoter) · M. perspicillata (Blossum-Billed Coot)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 8.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• An atlas of the chromosome numbers in animals. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1951] ENG url p. 253.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 137.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson & Charles Ely. Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- ENG url p. 113, p. 400.
• Buletinul Societii de ciine din Bucureci, Roma = Bulletin de la Soci des sciences de Bucarest, Roumanie. Bucureti: Societatea, 1892-1911. RUM url p. 128.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 128, p. 375, p. 395, p. 396, p. 406, p. 412.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 4.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 640.
• Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum / by G.R. Gray. London, 1863. ENG url p. 206.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Charles E. Hellmayr, Boardman Conover. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1948. ENG url p. 392, p. 393.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 407.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 57.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 325, p. 52.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 91.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. ENG url p. 654.
• Journal of shellfish research. [S.l.: National Shellfisheries Association, 1981- url p. 505.
• Life histories of North American wild fowl: order Anseres (part) / by Arthur Cleveland Bent. Washington: G.P.O., 1923. ENG url p. 128.
• MagyarorszMadarai; a hazai madilmegismernek vezonala. 170 eredeti szrajzzal 9 mumellettel, irta Dr. Madar Gyula. Anhang: Die V ungarns; Auszug in deutscher Sprache. Budapest, 1899-1903. HUN url p. 281.
• Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo©logy, at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge [Mass.]: The Museum, 1876-1938. ENG url p. 97.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 61.
• Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa's: Organ der Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft. Stuttgart. url p. 298, p. 43.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 508.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, ENG url p. 283.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 38.
• The biology of marine animals. New York, Interscience Publishers[1960] ENG url p. 696.
• The faunal connections between Europe and North America. New York, Wiley[1957] ENG url p. 25.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 26, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 28 providers.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UK National Biodiversity Network, RSPB - Seabird nearshore winter survey in South-West England in 1994/95
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens
• Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3854427
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-175166
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14086133
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175163
• IUCN ID: 47230
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNJB17030
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 6866

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