Macaca silenus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Ecology: Mainly arboreal , this species prefers the upper canopy of primary tropical evergreen rainforest (Singh et al. 2002) but may also be found in monsoon forest in hilly country and in disturbed forest. It is even known to persist in areas with human-planted fruit trees such as Jack fruit, guava, passion fruit, and others, although populations fluctuate based on fruit tree availability within a forest fragment. They range in elevation from 100 to 1,800 m (Molur et al. 2003). They are frugivorous/insectivorous.

The species seems largely to be a seasonal breeder, with births temporally clumped along with the fruiting season dictated by monsoonal climate (Singh et al. 2006). In the wild females first give birth at about 80 months, and have an inter-birth period of about 34.3 months. The generation length is approximately 13 years.[1].

List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Macaca albibarbatus • Macaca ferox • Macaca veter • Macaca vetulus

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 30-Jul-2002

Similar Species

Members of the genus Macaca

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 52 species and subspecies in this genus:

M. arctoides (Stump-Tailed Macaque) · M. assamensis (Assamese Macaque) · M. assamensis assamensis (Eastern Assamese Macaque) · M. assamensis pelops (Western Assamese Macaque) · M. cyclopis (Formosan Rock Macaque) · M. fascicularis (Crab Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis atriceps (Dark-Crowned Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis aurea (Burmese Long-Talied Macaque) · M. fascicularis aureus (Burmese Long-Talied Macaque) · M. fascicularis condorensis (Con Song Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fascicularis (Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fusca (Simeulue Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fuscus (Simeulue Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis karimondjawae (Kemujan Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis lasiae (Lasia Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis philippensis (Philippine Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis philippinensis (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis tua (Maratua Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis umbrosa (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis umbrosus (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fuscata (Japanese Macaque) · M. fuscata fuscata (Japanese Macaque) · M. fuscata yakui (Yakushima Macaque) · M. hecki (Heck's Macaque) · M. leonina (Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque) · M. maura (Celebes Macaque) · M. maurus (Celebes Macaque) · M. mulatta (Rhesus Macaques) · M. munzala (Arunachal Macaque) · M. nemestrina (Southern Pig-Tailed Macaque) · M. nemestrina nemestrina (Pigtail Macaque) · M. nigra (Celebes Crested Macaque) · M. nigra Nigra (Celebes Crested Macaque) · M. nigrescens (Dumoga-Bone Macaque) · M. ochreata (Celebes Ashy-Black Monkey) · M. ochreata brunnescens (Muna-Buton Macaque) · M. ochreata ochreata (Booted Macaque) · M. pagensis (Pagai Island Macaque) · M. pagensis pagensis (Pagai Macaque) · M. pagensis siberu (Siberut Macaque) · M. radiata (Bonnet Macaque) · M. radiata diluta (Bonnet Macaque) · M. radiata radiata (Bonnet Macaque) · M. siberu (Siberut Macaque) · M. silenus (Lion-Tailed Macaque) · M. sinica (Toque Macaque) · M. sinica aurifrons (Dusky Toque Macaque) · M. sinica opisthomelas (Highland Toque Macaque) · M. sinica sinica (Dry Zone Toque Macaque) · M. sylvanus (Barbary Macaque) · M. thibetana (Père David's Macaque) · M. tonkeana (Tonkean Black Macaque)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 13.
• Advances in the study of mammalian behavior / edited by John F. Eisenberg and Devra G. Kleiman. [Stillwater, Okla.]: American Society of Mammalogists; 1983. url p. 355.
• Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES, WCMC url p. 40.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 104, p. 120, p. 63, p. 73, p. 80, p. 82, p. 89, p. 92, p. 96.
• Bulletin / Chicago Natural History Museum. [Chicago, Ill.]: The Museum, [1944-1966] url p. 8.
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 178, p. 238, p. 46.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 158, p. 163, p. 182, p. 238, p. 188, p. 46.
• Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. url p. 193, p. 195.
• Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 121.
• Comparative review of Fascicularis-group species of macaques (Primates: Macaca) / Jack Fooden. 107 2006 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 2006. url p. 2.
• Directory of the proposed Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: draft WCMC url .
• Effects of highways on wildlife and fish with special reference to Montana a ProCite literature collection / Bozeman, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Management Program, Montana State University, 2001 url .
• Global Biodiversity: status of the Earth's living resources WCMC url p. 566, p. 569.
• Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: The Academy, 1868- url p. 112.
• Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents for the year ending June 30. .. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1933-1965. url p. 100, p. 120, p. 67, p. 73, p. 75, p. 80, p. 89, p. 92, p. 96.
• Smithsonian year. 1965 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965-1976. url p. 168.
• Taxonomy and evolution of liontail and pigtail macaques (Primates: Cercopithecidae) / Jack Fooden. 67 1975 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1975. url fig. 20 , fig. 21 , p. 1, p. 123, p. 155, p. 157, p. 165, p. 168, p. 4, p. 6, p. 73, p. 79, p. 83, p. i, p. ii.
• Taxonomy and evolution of the Sinica group of macaques. 5, Overview of natural history / Jack Fooden. 29 1986 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1986. url p. 14, p. 18.
• Taxonomy and evolution of the sinica group of macaques: 6. Interspecific comparisons and synthesis / Jack Fooden. 45 1988 Chicago, IL: Field Museum of Natural History, c1988. url fig. 9-10 , p. 18, p. 29.
• The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and the Pacific IUCN url p. 134.
• The Ecology of arboreal folivores: a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 / Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978. url p. 191.
• The Last Rain Forests Reed International Books Ltd. url p. 151, p. 198.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 620.
• World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 117, p. 118, p. 37.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 4, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Kumar, A., Singh, M. & Molur, S. 2008. Macaca silenus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 09, 2007:

• Field Museum, Mammal specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-573025
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13799110
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 573025
• IUCN ID: 220855
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A01N
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 135128

Footnotes

1. Kumar, A., Singh, M. & Molur, S. 2008. Macaca silenus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.