Overview
|
Near Threatened |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Dutch:
Assammakaak
Common Names in English:
assam macaque, Assamese macaque
Common Names in French:
Macaque d' assam
Common Names in Spanish:
Macaca del himalaya
Description
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [1].
Ecology:
This species is diurnal
and omnivorous
, and at times both arboreal
and terrestrial
. It prefers dense forest
(Choudhury 2001), and does
not usually occur in secondary forest.
It is found in
tropical
and subtropical
semi-evergreen
forests, dry deciduous and
montane
forest (Srivistava and Mohnot 2001; R. Boonratana pers. comm.
).
Particular habitats
and niches vary some depending on the subspecies
.
This species is found from the floodplains
to the high mountains,
up to 2,800 m
, and sometimes 3,000 m in the summer (Choudhury 2001),
and perhaps up to 4,000 m (Srivastava and Mohnot 2001; Zhang et
al. 2002). It is generally an upland
species, and usually associated
with hill
areas above 1,000 m.
In the wetter east the species may
also frequent areas that do not or only marginally reach 1,000 m
and may occur even in the lowlands. In Lao PDR and Viet Nam the species
is predominantly associated with high altitudes
, usually above 500
m. In forests on limestone karst the species occurs in much lower
elevations
(R. Timmins pers. comm.
). The generation of this species
is 10-12 years (Molur et al.
2003)[1].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Archonta
()
- (Gregory, 1910) McKenna, 1975
- Order:
Primates
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Suborder:
Haplorrhini
()
- Pocock, 1918
- Infraorder:
Simiiformes
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Parvorder:
Catarrhini
()
- . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
- Superfamily:
Cercopithecoidea
()
- (Gray, 1821) Gregory & Hellman, 1923
- Family:
Cercopithecidae
()
- Gray, 1821
- Subfamily:
Cercopithecinae
()
- Subfamily:
Cercopithecinae
(
- Family:
Cercopithecidae
(
- Superfamily:
Cercopithecoidea
(
- Parvorder:
Catarrhini
(
- Infraorder:
Simiiformes
(
- Suborder:
Haplorrhini
(
- Order:
Primates
(
- Grandorder:
Archonta
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Macaca assamensis Mclelland 1839 • Macaca coolidgei • Macaca macclellandii • Macaca problematicus • Macaca rhesosimilis • Macaca sikimensis
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 30-Jul-2002
Two distinct
subspecies
are recognized apart from the M.
assamensis
population that is endemic to and found in Nepal, and which is likely
in some way distinct (Chalise pers. comm.
). The two subspecies, M.
a. assamensis and M. a. pelops, respectively occupy adjacent
areas to the southeast and east of the range
of M. assamensis.
[1].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Macaca
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 52 species and subspecies in this genus:
M. arctoides (Stump-Tailed Macaque) · M. assamensis (Assamese Macaque) · M. assamensis assamensis (Eastern Assamese Macaque) · M. assamensis pelops (Western Assamese Macaque) · M. cyclopis (Formosan Rock Macaque) · M. fascicularis (Crab Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis atriceps (Dark-Crowned Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis aurea (Burmese Long-Talied Macaque) · M. fascicularis aureus (Burmese Long-Talied Macaque) · M. fascicularis condorensis (Con Song Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fascicularis (Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fusca (Simeulue Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis fuscus (Simeulue Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis karimondjawae (Kemujan Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis lasiae (Lasia Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis philippensis (Philippine Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis philippinensis (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis tua (Maratua Long-Tailed Macaque) · M. fascicularis umbrosa (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fascicularis umbrosus (Crab-Eating Macaque) · M. fuscata (Japanese Macaque) · M. fuscata fuscata (Japanese Macaque) · M. fuscata yakui (Yakushima Macaque) · M. hecki (Heck's Macaque) · M. leonina (Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque) · M. maura (Celebes Macaque) · M. maurus (Celebes Macaque) · M. mulatta (Rhesus Macaques) · M. munzala (Arunachal Macaque) · M. nemestrina (Southern Pig-Tailed Macaque) · M. nemestrina nemestrina (Pigtail Macaque) · M. nigra (Celebes Crested Macaque) · M. nigra Nigra (Celebes Crested Macaque) · M. nigrescens (Dumoga-Bone Macaque) · M. ochreata (Celebes Ashy-Black Monkey) · M. ochreata brunnescens (Muna-Buton Macaque) · M. ochreata ochreata (Booted Macaque) · M. pagensis (Pagai Island Macaque) · M. pagensis pagensis (Pagai Macaque) · M. pagensis siberu (Siberut Macaque) · M. radiata (Bonnet Macaque) · M. radiata diluta (Bonnet Macaque) · M. radiata radiata (Bonnet Macaque) · M. siberu (Siberut Macaque) · M. silenus (Lion-Tailed Macaque) · M. sinica (Toque Macaque) · M. sinica aurifrons (Dusky Toque Macaque) · M. sinica opisthomelas (Highland Toque Macaque) · M. sinica sinica (Dry Zone Toque Macaque) · M. sylvanus (Barbary Macaque) · M. thibetana (Père David's Macaque) · M. tonkeana (Tonkean Black Macaque)
More Info
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Further Reading
- Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 41.
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 177, p. 178.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 163, p. 68, p. 112, p. 187.
- Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. url p. 193, p. 198, p. 198.
- Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 113, p. 30.
- Comparative review of Fascicularis-group species of macaques (Primates: Macaca) / Jack Fooden. 107 2006 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 2006. url table 6 , p. 2, p. 23, p. 30, p. 32.
- Field Museum of Natural History bulletin. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, [1930]-c1990. url p. 17.
- Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Protected Areas: principles, guidelines and case studies IUCN url p. 99.
- Mammals of the Kelley-Roosevelts and Delacour Asiatic expedition, by Wilfred H. Osgood. 18 1932 Chicago, 1932. url p. 209.
- Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 109, p. 165, p. 466.
- Records of the Indian Museum. Calcutta: Pub. by order of the trustees of the Indian Museum, . 1907-1962. url .
- Report on primates collected in western Thailand, January-April, 1967. 59 1971 [Chicago]Field Museum of Natural History, 1971. url table 3-4 , plate va-c , table 13 , table 14 , table 2 , p. 11, p. 12, p. 3, p. 35, p. 36, p. 5, p. 57.
- Systematic review of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870) / Jack Fooden, Mitsuru Aimi. 104 2005 Chicago, Ill: Field Museum of Natural History, c2005. url tables 25-26 , p. 42.
- Systematic review of the rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780) / Jack Fooden. 96 2000 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 2000. url table 20 , p. 66, p. 97.
- Taxonomy and evolution of liontail and pigtail macaques (Primates: Cercopithecidae) / Jack Fooden. 67 1975 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1975. url p. 108, p. 150, p. 33.
- Taxonomy and evolution of the Sinica group of macaques. 5, Overview of natural history / Jack Fooden. 29 1986 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1986. url fig. 2 , , table 4 , p. 1, p. 14, p. 15, p. 16, p. 17, p. 18, p. 19, p. 21, p. 22, p. 3, p. 4, p. 7, p. iii.
- Taxonomy and evolution of the sinica group of macaques: 6. Interspecific comparisons and synthesis / Jack Fooden. 45 1988 Chicago, IL: Field Museum of Natural History, c1988. url table 8 , fig. 14 , table 9 , fig. 16 , table 12-13 , p. 1, p. 20, p. 24, p. 25, p. 26, p. 28, p. 29, p. 3, p. 31, p. 34, p. 39, p. 40, p. 41, p. 42, p. 44, p. 5, p. v.
- The journal of the Natural History Society of Siam. [London: Luzac, 1914]-1924. url p. 50.
- The mammals of China and Mongolia / by Glover M. Allen. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1938-1940. url , p. 18, p. 282, p. 283.
- World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 112, p. 36.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Boonratana, R., Chalise, M., Das, J., Htun, S. & Timmins, R.J. 2008. Macaca assamensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 4, 2012.
- Eudey, A. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 06, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:
- GBIF-Sweden: Mammals (NRM)
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-573018
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 573018
- IUCN ID: 220839
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 135120
Footnotes
- Boonratana, R., Chalise, M., Das, J., Htun, S. & Timmins, R.J. 2008. Macaca assamensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
