Lynx lynx

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,037 meters (0 to 9,964 feet).[1]

Ecology: Throughout Europe and Siberia, lynx are associated primarily with forested areas which have good ungulate populations (Nowell and Jackson 1996). In Central Asia lynx occur in more open, thinly wooded areas. The species probably occurs throughout the northern slopes of the Himalayas, and has been reported both from thick scrub woodland and barren, rocky areas above the treeline. On the better-forested southern Himalayan slopes, there are only a few records from Nepal (Nowell and Jackson 1996, Karan Bahadur Shah pers. comm. 2008). Lynx occur sporadically throughout the Tibetan plateau , and are found throughout the rocky hills and mountains of the Central Asian desert regions (Nowell and Jackson 1996).

The Eurasian lynx is the largest lynx, and the only one to primarily take ungulate prey, although they rely on smaller prey where ungulates are less abundant (Nowell and Jackson 1996). In European Russia and western Siberia, where roe deer are absent, mountain hares and tetraonids form the basic prey base. Hares and birds are important prey also in other Central Asian regions where habitats are dryer and less forested (Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser-Wrsten 2008, Matyushkin and Vaisfeld 2003). Lynx kill ungulates ranging in size from the 15 kg musk deer to 220 kg adult male red deer, but show a preference for the smallest ungulate species in the community (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002). Home range size varies widely (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002), but averaged 248 km for males (n = 5) and 133 km for females (n = 5) in a radio telemetry study in Polands Bialowieza forest (Schmidt et al. 1997). Densities are typically 1-3 adults per 100 km, although higher densities of up to 5/100 km have been reported from eastern Europe and parts of Russia (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002).[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.3     Shrubland - Boreal   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.7     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude   
  
•     6     Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs , mountain peaks)   
  
•     8     Desert   
  
•     8.2     Desert - Temperate   
  
•     8.3     Desert - Cold   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lynx

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species and subspecies in this genus:

L. canadensis (Canadian Lynx) · L. lynx (Eurasian Lynx) · L. lynx lynx (Eurasian Lynx) · L. pardinus (Ischer De Waldheim) · L. rufus (Bay Lynx) · L. rufus californicus (Bobcat) · L. rufus escuinapae (Mexican Bobcat) · L. rufus floridanus (Bobcat) · L. rufus rufus (Bobcat)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A study of the mammals of Iran: resulting from the Street Expedition of 1962-63 [by] Douglas M. Lay. 54 1967 [Chicago]Field Museum of Natural History, 1967. url p. 220.
• A survey of the mammals of Afghanistan, resulting from the 1965 Street Expedition (excluding bats) [by] Jerry D. Hassinger. 60 1973 [Chicago]Field Museum of Natural History, 1973. url p. 151, p. 158, p. x.
• Advances in the study of mammalian behavior / edited by John F. Eisenberg and Devra G. Kleiman. [Stillwater, Okla.]: American Society of Mammalogists; 1983. url p. 175, p. 682, p. 683.
• An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 51, p. 99.
• Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1886- url p. 267, p. 270.
• Arctoid genetic characters as related to the genus Parictis / [by] John Clark -- and Thomas E. Guensburg, University of Illinois. [Patricia M. Williams -- editor.] Chicago: Field Museum Press, 1972. url p. 47.
• Biodiversity trends and threats in Europe: development and test of a species trend indicator RIVM, UNEP-WCMC url p. 50.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 134, p. 72, p. 75.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 249, p. 249.
• Catalogue of the mammals of Western Europe (Europe exclusive of Russia) in the collection of the British Museum London: printed by order of the Trustees, 1912. url , , , , , , , .
• Catalogue of the mammals of western Europe (Europe exclusive of Russia) in the collection of the British Museum / by Gerrit S. Miller. London: BMNH, 1912. url p. 1010, p. 471, p. 472, p. 473, p. 475, p. 476, p. 477, p. 479.
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 148, p. 151, p. 173, p. 177.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 125, p. 157, p. 158, p. 162, p. 158, p. 161, p. 183, p. 187.
• Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 76.
• Checklists for the CORINE Biotopes Programme and its application in the PHARE countries of Central and East Europe: including comparisons with relevant conventions and agreements on the conservation of European species and habitats EC url , , , p. 14, p. 98.
• Conservation of Species of Wild Flora and Vertebrate Fauna Threatened in the Community. Part vii: terrestrial mammals (excluding bats): species reports IUCN Species Conservation Monitoring Unit url p. 160, p. 40.
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 108, p. 269, p. 600, p. 601, p. 771.
• Effects of highways on wildlife and fish with special reference to Montana a ProCite literature collection / Bozeman, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Management Program, Montana State University, 2001 url .
• Elementary text-book of zoology. By Dr. C. Claus, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. London, W. S. Sonnenschein, 1884-85. url p. 327.
• Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World. Illus. by Earl L. Poole. New York, American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, 1945. url p. 265, p. 271, p. 829, p. 833, p. 850.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 41.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 15 1995 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 43.
• MAB Information System: Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: Supplement January 1988 UNESCO, IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url .
• Mammals of Eastern Asia / by G.H.H. Tate. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. url p. 192.
• Mammals of Utah / Kaysville, Utah: Inland Printing Company, 1922. url .
• Mammals of the Soviet Union / V.G. Heptner, A.A. Nasimovich, and A.G. Bannikov; scientific editor, Robert S. Hoffmann. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, 1988- url p. 736, p. 747.
• Marine Turtles in the Mediterranean: distribution, population status, conservation Council of Europe url p. 4.
• Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 22, p. 454, p. 466, p. 9.
• Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kan.: The University, 1971-1994. url , p. 32.
• Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology. London, U.K.: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o Natural History Museum, 2001. url p. 125.
• Papers on mammalogy, published in honor of Wilfred Hudson Osgood. 27 1941 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1941 url fig. 41 , p. 140, p. 213, p. 392.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url , p. 125, p. 125, p. 588.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 115.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 217, p. 219, p. 38, p. 8, p. 80.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 15, p. 17, p. 24, p. 31, p. 323, p. 45, p. 55, p. 59.
• Records of big game with their distribution, characteristics, dimensions, weights, and horn & tusk measurements. Edited by R. Lydekker and J. B. Burlace. London, 1914. url p. 504.
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• Significant trade in wildlife: a review of selected species in CITES appendix II. Vol I: Mammals IUCN, CITES url p. 92.
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 19, p. 23, p. 33.
• Spixiana. Mnchen: Zoologische Staatssammlung Mnchen, 1977- url p. 254.
• Sportsman's guide to game animals; a field book of North American species. with photos, by the author. Introd. by Richard G. Van Gelder. New York, Outdoor Life Books[1968] url p. 185, p. 652.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 329, p. 335, p. 335.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , p. 118, p. 18, p. 341, p. 35, p. 386, p. 388, p. 46, p. 518, p. 526, p. 707, p. 708, p. 775, p. 78.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 691.
• The Victoria history of the county of Durham / edited by William Page. London: Constable, 1905- url p. 31.
• The coccidian parasites (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) of carnivores / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1981. url p. 101, p. 247, p. 97.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Breitenmoser, U., Mallon, D.P., von Arx, M. & Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. 2008. Lynx lynx. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Field Museum, Mammal specimens
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Mammals
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Mammals of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-726402
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14367395
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180584
• IUCN ID: 220765
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 127974

Footnotes

1. Mean = 375.990 meters (1,233.563 feet), Standard Deviation = 462.720 based on 1,207 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Breitenmoser, U., Mallon, D.P., von Arx, M. & Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. 2008. Lynx lynx. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.