Lycaon pictus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Prefer to live in the savannas and open woodland of the African plains .

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,950 meters (0 to 6,398 feet).[1]

Ecology: African Wild Dogs are generalist predators , occupying a range of habitats including short-grass plains , semi-desert, bushy savannas and upland forest . While early studies in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, led to a belief that wild dogs were primarily an open plains species, more recent data indicate that they reach their highest densities in thicker bush (e.g. , Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania; Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe; and northern Botswana). Several relict populations occupy dense upland forest (e.g., Harenna Forest, Ethiopia: Malcolm and Sillero-Zubiri 2001; Ngare Ndare Forest, Kenya). African Wild Dogs have been recorded in desert (Lhotse 1946), although they appear unable to establish themselves in the southern Kalahari (M .G.L. Mills , unpubl.), and montane habitats (Thesiger 1970; Malcolm and Sillero-Zubiri 2001), although not in lowland forest. It appears that their current distribution is limited primarily by human activities and the availability of prey , rather than by the loss of a specific habitat type.

African Wild Dogs mostly hunt medium-sized antelope. Whereas they weigh 2030 kg , their prey average around 50 kg, and may be as large as 200 kg. In most areas their principal prey are Impala (Aepyceros melampus), Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), Thomson's Gazelle (Gazella thomsonii) and Common Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). They will give chase of larger species, such asCommon Eland (Tragelaphus oryx) and African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer), but rarely kill such prey. Small antelope, such as dik-dik (Madoqua spp. ), Steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) and duiker (tribe Cephalophini) are important in some areas, and warthogs (Phacochoerus spp.) are also taken in some populations. Wild dogs also take very small prey such as hares, lizards and even eggs , but these make a very small contribution to their diet .[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Diet in the wild: Warthogs, zebras, water bugs, ostriches, rhinos, Grants Gazelle, elephants. Despite their relatively small size, hunting dogs can brind down adult zebra and wildebeest by hunting in packs of up to 60 animals. They can run for long distances at nearly 35 mph.

Reproduction

A single litter can yield between 2-19 pups , but usually average 10 pups.

Behavior

Very social animals that live in packs led by a dominant pair.

Wild dogs have a highly developed social structure. They live in packs that vary from 10 to 15 animals, including males, females, and young. Their packs are nomadic, and they roam across a range of 1 to 30 miles a day. Members of the pack cooperate when hunting and raising their young. Normally, only the highest ranking male and female breed . However, other pack members help protect and raise the pups . Wild dogs greet one another through vocalizations, body posture, and licking. They have a ritualized midday greeting ceremony of squeaking and thrusting their muzzles into one anther's faces .

African Wild Dogs tend to sleep during the day. This is because they are adapted to hunting at night.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lycaon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2 species and subspecies in this genus:

L. pictus (Hunting Dog;african Hunting Dog) · L. pictus pictus (African Hunting Dog)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A catalogue of the collection of mammals in the Field Columbian Museum. 1907 8 Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url fig. xlv , p. 406, p. 621, p. vii.
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• A hand-book to the British mammalia. London, Edward Lloyd, 1896. url , p. 302, p. 302, p. 334, p. 334, p. 334.
• A manual of zoology for the use of students: with a general introduction on the principles of zoology / New York: D. Appleton, 1877. url .
• A manual of zoology. .. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1870. url p. 748.
• A student's text-book of zoology / by Adam Sedgwick. London: S. Sonnenschein and co.; 1898-1909. url p. 622.
• A student's text-book of zoology, by Adam Sedgwick. London, S. Sonnenschein and Co.;1898-1909. url p. 622.
• Advances in the study of mammalian behavior / edited by John F. Eisenberg and Devra G. Kleiman. [Stillwater, Okla.]: American Society of Mammalogists; 1983. url p. 164, p. 276, p. 448, p. 452, p. 692, p. 728, p. 735, p. 752.
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• iii.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• McNutt, J.W., Mills, M.G.L., McCreery, K., Rasmussen, G., Robbins, R. & Woodroffe, R. 2008. Lycaon pictus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Michigan State University Museum, Vertebrate specimens
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-183833
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13808243
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183833
• IUCN ID: 220629
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A0A1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 128219

Footnotes

1. Mean = 734.000 meters (2,408.136 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,543.890 based on 15 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. McNutt, J.W., Mills, M.G.L., McCreery, K., Rasmussen, G., Robbins, R. & Woodroffe, R. 2008. Lycaon pictus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.