Overview
|
Endangered |
|
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Huillin, Southern River Otter
Common Names in French:
Huillin, Loutre du chili
Common Names in Spanish:
Huill?n, Huillín, Lobito patagonica, Nutria de chile
Description
Habitat
Ecology:
L. provocax is predominantly a freshwater
species occurring
in freshwater lakes and in rivers
and streams
. Rest and den
sites
are found in areas with dense vegetation and an abundance
of above-ground
roots
, small rocks or broken
stones
, which provide suitable crevices
from which the animal can view
the adjacent
water without being exposed.
In the Nahuel Huapi National Park, there were significant heterogeneities
in its distribution between river basins
, between habitats
, between
lakes
relative to dispersal
routes and topography. Their distribution
is governed by the distribution of crustacean prey
, absence of human
habitation, and the presence of introduced
American mink Mustela
vison, because although there was a positive
relationship
between
the occurrence of mink and huillin in Lake Nahuel Huapi, there was
a negative
relationship in their occurrence between other lakes.
It also occurs in marine
habitats along southern Chile
(Sielfeld 1983). Habitat in the Patagonian archipelago consists mainly
of rocky coasts and canals protected from waves, where coastal strips
of vegetation such as Drimis winteri, Notofagus betuloides, and Maytenus
magellanica are present; these features, as well as reduced human
disturbance
, are thought to be favorable for the establishment of
dens (Chehebar et al.
1986; Medina 1996a, 1996b; Sielfeld
1983). In Argentina, L. provocax is associated with dense mature
forest
with thick undergrowth extending close to shore
. Both the
above-ground root systems of mature or fallen trees
and the dense
vegetation cover
are important components
of L. provocax habitat;
absence of these key
features may result in absence of otters
, even
if abundance of prey is not limiting (Chehebar et al. 1986).
The southern river otter diet
consists mainly of fish
including such species as Cheridon australe, Cyprinus carpio, Galaxias,
Notothenia, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Percichthys trucha, Percillia gillissi,
Salmo trutta, as well as some crustaceans including Aegla, Camilonotus,
Lithodes antartica, Munida, Paralomis granulosa, Parastacus pugnax,
and Sammastacus spinifrom. Opportunistic
consumption
of mollusks
(Diplodon chilensis, Fissurela) and birds has also been reported
(Chehebar 1982; Chehebar and Benoit 1988; Medina 1996a, 1996b, 1997;
Sielfeld 1983).
Breeding is thought to occur in July
and August, and young are born in September and October (Housse 1953).
In parts of the species? southern range
, young can be observed all
year (Parera 1996). Litter size
average one or two young, but may
litters
of up to four young have been observed (Sielfeld 1983). (Ref.
283957).
List of Habitats:
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )
- 5.2 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks
- 5.3 Wetlands (inland) - Shrub Dominated Wetlands
- 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
- 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
- 5.6 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
- 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
- 5.8 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
- 5.13 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Inland Deltas
- 5.14 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes
- 5.15 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats
- 5.16 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
- 5.17 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
- 12 Marine Intertidal
- 12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
- 12.2 Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars , Spits , Etc
- 12.5 Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)
- 13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
- 13.1 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands
- 13.4 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
- 13.5 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Freshwater Lakes
- 15 Artificial/Aquatic & Marine
- 15.1 Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha)
- 15.2 Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)
- 15.3 Artificial/Aquatic - Aquaculture Ponds
- 15.6 Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas
- 15.7 Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels )
- 15.8 Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
)
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
)
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
)
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
)
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
)
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
)
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
)
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Ferae
(
)
- (Linnaeus, 1758) McKenna, 1975
- Order:
Carnivora
(
)
- Bowdich, 1821
- Suborder:
Caniformia
(
)
- Kretzoi, 1943
- Infraorder:
Arctoidea
(
)
- Flower, 1869
- Parvorder:
Mustelida
(
)
- Tedford, 1976
- Family:
Mustelidae
(
)
- (Fischer de Waldheim, 1817) Swainson, 1835
- Family:
Mustelidae
(
- Parvorder:
Mustelida
(
- Infraorder:
Arctoidea
(
- Suborder:
Caniformia
(
- Order:
Carnivora
(
- Grandorder:
Ferae
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Lutra provocax
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007
Lontra provocax had been considered a subspecies
of L.
canadensis (Davis 1978). It was placed in the genus Lontra
by van Zyll de Jong (1987). Koepfli and Wayne (1998) and Bininda-Emonds
et al.
(1999) supported the separation
of New World otters
into genus Lontra from Lutra, except Pteronura.
[1].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Lontra
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species and subspecies in this genus:
L. canadensis (North American Otter) · L. canadensis canadensis (North American River Otter) · L. canadensis kodiacensis (Kodiak River Otter) · L. canadensis mira (Northern River Otter) · L. canadensis sonora (Southwestern Otter) · L. felina (Marine Otter) · L. longicaudis (South American River Otter) · L. provocax (Southern River Otter)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES url p. 45.
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 174, p. 189, p. 221, p. 48.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 147, p. 158, p. 159, p. 162, p. 178.
- Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 68, p. 47.
- Review of the status and conservation actions for CMS concerted action species UNEP-WCMC, CMS Secretariat url , , p. 37.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 14, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- Sepulveda, M., Franco, M., Medina, G., Fasola, L. & Alvarez, R. 2008. Lontra provocax. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Vogel, G.M. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Vogel, G.M. 2004. Lontra provocax. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 14, 2008:
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 105596
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-621915
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2495134
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 621915
- IUCN ID: 220356
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A05Z
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 128357
Footnotes
- Sepulveda, M., Franco, M., Medina, G., Fasola, L. & Alvarez, R. 2008. Lontra provocax. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
