Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Dutch:
Kleine Burgemeester
Common Names in English:
Iceland Gull, Kumlien's Gull, Thayer's Gull, White-Winged Gull
Common Names in French:
Goéland Arctique, Goéland à Ailes Blanches, Goéland De Kumlien, Goéland De Thayer
Common Names in German:
Polarmöwe
Common Names in Italian:
Gabbiano Islandico
Common Names in Japanese:
アイスランドカモメ
Common Names in Spanish:
Gaviota De Kumlien, Gaviota Esquimal, Gaviota Groenlandesa, Gaviota Polar
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Head : white Face : Eye Ring: red Bill: yellow with red spot on lower mandible Lower Mandible: yellow with red spot Neck: white Body: Back: pale gray Underparts: white Legs : Foot Color: pink Leg Color: pink Tail: white.
Color:
Adult
alternate: Bright yellow bill with red spot at gonys · Pink legs
· Light eye · White head
, neck, breast, and belly · Gray back and upperwings · White tertial crescent · Primary
tips
white with gray subterminal
markings · White tail
Adult basic: Like adult alternate but blurry brown streaking
and spotting on head and nape
Juvenile/First-year: Black bill · Ghostly white or pale
plumage with pale brown edgings · White primaries · White secondaries · Black legs quickly become pink · White tail with gray to pale brown speckling
Second-year: Pale bill with black tip · Pale head, neck, upper breast, and belly · Pale gray back
Third year: Like adult basic but often lacks adult bill pattern
Size/Age/Growth
Length : 19 inches.
Biology
Diet
Mostly: fish, aquatic invertebrates , and carrion , with some eggs .
Reproduction
- Clutch Size: 2-3
- Number of Broods: 1
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Chordates
- Class:
Aves
()
- Birds
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
()
- Albatrosses, Alcids
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.
Similar Species
Glaucous Gulls are quite similar to Iceland Gulls but are larger, have larger bills, flatter heads, and, at rest, shorter wingtips that barely project beyond the end of the tail. First-winter Glaucous Gulls have pink-based, not black, bills. Herring Gulls have black wingtips as adults and much darker plumage as immatures. Thayer's Gulls are similar in size and shape but have darker wingtips and eyes as adults and darker, tail bands and flight feathers as immatures. Thayer's also has a slightly bigger bill and its wingtips do not appear as long at rest. Some individuals may not be separable in the field, as Thayer's Gull can be quite pale. Other gulls have darker mantles, wingtips, or tails.
Members of the genus Larus
There are approximately 173 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
L. alba · L. argentatus (Herring Gull) · L. argentatus antelius · L. argentatus argentatus (Herring Gull) · L. argentatus argenteus · L. argentatus atlantis · L. argentatus birulae · L. argentatus cachinnans · L. argentatus drosti · L. argentatus heuglini · L. argentatus michahellis · L. argentatus mongolicus · L. argentatus omissus · L. argentatus smithsonianus · L. argentatus thayeri · L. argentatus vegae · L. armenicus (Armenian Gull) · L. atlanticus (OlrogÌs Gull) · L. atricilla (Laughing Gull) · L. atricilla atricilla (Laughing Gull) · L. atricilla megalopterus · L. audouini · L. audouinii (AudouinÌs Gull) · L. azarae · L. belcheri (Band-Tailed Gull) · L. belcheri atlanticus · L. belcheri belcheri (Band-Tailed Gull) · L. borealis · L. brachyrhynchus (Mew Gull) · L. brevirostris (Red-Legged Kittiwake) · L. bridgesii · L. brunneicephalus · L. brunnicephalus (Indian Black-Headed Gull) · L. bulleri (Black-Billed Gull) · L. cachin · L. cachinans · L. cachinnans (Yellow-Legged Gull) · L. cachinnans atlantis · L. cachinnans barabensis · L. cachinnans cachinnans · L. cachinnans michahellis · L. cachinnans mongolicus · L. californicus (Californian Gull) · L. californicus albertaensis (Light-Mantled California Gull) · L. californicus californicus (Dark-Mantled California Gull) · L. canus (Common Kamchatka Gull) · L. canus brachyrhynchus (Mew Gull) · L. canus canus (Common Kamchatka Gull) · L. canus heinei (Mew Gull) · L. canus kamtschatschensis (Eastern Common Gull) · L. canus stegmanni · L. capensis · L. capistratus · L. cirrhocephalus · L. cirrocephalus (Grey-Headed Gull) · L. cirrocephalus cirrocephalus (Gray-Hooded Gull) · L. cirrocephalus poicephalus · L. cirrocephalus poiocephalus · L. crassirostris (Black-Tailed Gull) · L. delawarensis (Ring-Billed Gull) · L. delewarensis · L. dominicanus (Southern Black-Backed Gull) · L. dominicanus austrinus · L. dominicanus dominicanus (Southern Black-Backed Gull) · L. dominicanus judithae · L. dominicanus melisandae · L. dominicanus vetula · L. eburnea (Ivory Gull) · L. eburneus · L. elegans · L. fuliginosus (Dusky Gull) · L. furcatus (Swallow-Tailed Gull) · L. fuscus (Lesser Black-Backed Gull) · L. fuscus fuscus (Lesser Black-Backed Gull) · L. fuscus graellsi · L. fuscus graellsii (Lesser Black-Backed Gull) · L. fuscus heuglini · L. fuscus intermedius · L. gelastes · L. genei (Slender-Billed Gull) · L. glaucescens (Glaucous-Winged Gull) · L. glaucescens occidentalis · L. glaucescens x · L. glaucoides (White-Winged Gull) · L. glaucoides glaucoides (White-Winged Gull) · L. glaucoides kumlieni (Kumlien's Gull) · L. glaucoides thayeri (Iceland Gull) · L. glaucus · L. graellsii · L. haematorhynchus · L. hartlaubi · L. hartlaubii (King Gull) · L. heermanni (White-Headed Gull) · L. heermannii · L. hemprichi · L. hemprichii (Sooty Gull) · L. hermanni · L. heuglini · L. heuglini heuglini · L. hybrid
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A hand-list of the Japanese birds. Edited by a special committee of the Ornithological Society of Japan. [Tokyo, Ornithological Society of Japan]1922. ENG url p. 3.
- A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada. By Thomas Nuttall Cambridge, Hilliard and Brown, 1832-1834. ENG url p. 305.
- An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. ENG url p. 4.
- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 290.
- Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
- BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
- BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 593, p. 823.
- Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum / by G.R. Gray. London, 1863. ENG url p. 230.
- Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Charles E. Hellmayr, Boardman Conover. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1948. ENG url p. 262, p. 265, p. 283.
- Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 25.
- Faune des vertde la Belgique, par Alphonse Dubois Se des oiseaux Bruxelles, C. Muquardt, 1887-1894. FRE url p. 580.
- Novitates Zoologicae. London. url p. 334.
- Richard C. Banks: Includes L. kumlieni Brewster, 1883
- Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary final environmental impact statement/management plan / Sanctuaries and Reserves Division. Washington, D.C.: The Division, [1993] ENG url p. 32.
- The birds of Chile, by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1932. ENG url p. 412.
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
- Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:
- Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
- New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851273
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176813
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13816671
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176811
- IUCN ID: 49224
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNNM03140
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7579
