Overview
Family : Nurseryfishes ; Inhabits mangrove-nipa swamps , brackish estuaries and slow-flowing turbid rivers . Feeds on small fishes , shrimps and crayfish. The male carries the eggs around like a bunch of grapes attached to a hook on the head [1]. Esteemed table fish [2].
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Danish:
Nordaustralsk Krogpandefisk
Common Names in English:
Australian Forehead Brooder, Humphead, Incubator Fish, Nurseryfish
Common Names in German:
Australischer Kurter, Höckerkopf, Höckerkopf
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
魚
Description
Family Kurtidae
Small family of two species in the genus Kurtus. Kurtus indicus occurs in coastal areas from the Coromandel Coast of southeast India to China, Indonesia, and Borneo. It occasionally enters estuaries, but is mostly found in marine waters. Kurtus gulliveri is found in northern Australia and southern New Guinea and is more likely to occur in large, turbid rivers and estuaries. Kurtus has a compressed , oblong body with small cycloid scales and a rudimentary anterior lateral line. The opercular bones are very thin. Four spines are present at the angle of the preopercle. The dorsal fin is single with a reduced anterior spinous part followed by soft rays . The back is elevated into a hump . The mouth is large with villiform jaw teeth. The anal fin is long with two anal spines . Kurtus indicus has 31-32 soft anal rays, and K . gulliveri has 44-47 soft anal rays. The pelvic fin has one spine and five rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked . Expanded ribs completely enclose the posterior portion of the swim bladder and partially enclose the anterior portion. The most distinctive feature of this genus is the presence in males of an occipital hook directed anteriorly and downward nearly forming a closed ring . This hook is formed from the supraoccipital and modified dorsal spines; it is used to carry eggs . Females lack a hook. Young males show only a slight protuberance that eventually enlarges as the fish grows. A maximum length of 60 cm has been reported for Kurtus gulliveri.The family Kurtidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 1 genus and 2 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Peripheral/diadromous. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are bearers. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. This family may be found from 23° n to 18° s and 78° w to 145° e. Etymology of this family name : Greek, kyrtos, -e, -on = curved , with a hump
Habitat
Biome: Fresh water , brackish water. Benthopelagic.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Actinopterygii
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
)
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
)
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
)
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
)
- Order:
Perciformes
(
)
-
- Order:
Perciformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Actinopterygii
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Berra T.M., Data last modified by FishBase 13-Jun-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Kurtus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species and subspecies in this genus:
K. argenteus · K. gulliveri (Australian Forehead Brooder) · K. indicus (Indian Forehead Brooder) · K. macrolepidotus
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Allen, G.R. (1991). Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
- Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. ENG url p. 382, p. 662, p. 672.
- Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. ENG url p. 10, p. 42, p. 48.
- Shiino, Sueo M. 1976. List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. Shima Marineland. Kashikojima, Shima, Mie, Japan. 262.
- The study of animal life / by J. Arthur Thomson. New York: Scribner, 1917. ENG url p. 117.
- Tierbau und tierleben in ihrem zusammenhang betrachtet von dr. Richard Hesse und dr. Franz Doflein. Leipzig, und BerlinB. G. Teubner, 1910-14. GER url p. 627.
Notes
Contributors
- Berra, Tim M. (from FishBase).
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 8, 2006.
- FishBase 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3857269
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-30977
- Fishbase Species ID: 4436
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 172247
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 114312
