Junco hyemalis

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Found in flocks in plowed fields , along roadsides, and at feeders .

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests • Minimum Elevation: 1,800 meters • Maximum Elevation: 2,800 meters • Zoogeographic Region: o • Foraging Strata: Terrestrial • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Medium

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,793 meters (0 to 12,444 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane

Biology

Diet

Primarily: Seeds. Lesser Quantities of: Insects.

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 12-13 days
• Days to Fledge : 9-13
• Number of Broods: 2, occasionally 3 in south, 1 at high elevation and latitude

Migration

Nothern birds migrate

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Yellow-Eyed Junco

Members of the genus Junco

There are approximately 45 species in this genus:

J. aikeni · J. alticola · J. bairdi · J. caniceps (Grey-Headed Junco) · J. caniceps caniceps (Grey-Headed Junco) · J. caniceps dorsalis · J. caniceps hyemalis · J. fulvescens · J. hyemalis (Slate Coloured Junco) · J. hyemalis aikeni (White-Winged Junco) · J. hyemalis caniceps (Gray-Headed Junco) · J. hyemalis carolinensis · J. hyemalis cismontanus (Dark-Eyed Junco) · J. hyemalis dorsalis · J. hyemalis hyemalis (Slate Coloured Junco) · J. hyemalis insularis · J. hyemalis mearnsi (Dark-Eyed Junco) · J. hyemalis montanus · J. hyemalis oreganus (Dark-Eyed Junco) · J. hyemalis oreganus-shufeldti · J. hyemalis oregonus · J. hyemalis pinosus (Dark-Eyed Junco) · J. hyemalis pontilis · J. hyemalis shufeldti · J. hyemalis thurberi · J. hyemalis townsendi · J. insularis (Guadalupe Junco) · J. mearnsi · J. oreganus · J. oreganus hyernalis · J. oreganus mearnsi · J. oreganus montanus · J. oreganus pinosus · J. oreganus shufeldti · J. oreganus thurberi · J. oreganus x · J. phaenotus · J. phaeonotus (Yellow-Eyed Junco) · J. phaeonotus alticola · J. phaeonotus bairdi · J. phaeonotus fulvescens · J. phaeonotus palliatus (Yellow-Eyed Junco) · J. phaeonotus phaeonotus (Yellow-Eyed Junco) · J. siemsseni · J. vulcani (Volcano Junco)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 495, p. 99.
• A catalogue of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams, both native and introduced, found within about thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., including a few cultivated species, to which is appended a list of vertebrate animals of the same region. By Henry Je [Hanover?]Printed for the Author, 1891. ENG url p. 73.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 17.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 158, p. 355.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 227.
• A hand-list of the genera and species of birds: nomenclator avium tum fossilium tum viventium. London: Trustees of the British Museum1899-1909. ENG url p. 303.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 514, p. 580, p. 584, p. 588.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 373, p. 375, p. 573.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 143, p. 213, p. 31, p. 45, p. 47, p. 51.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 422, p. 423, p. 424, p. 601.
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada, by Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, 1903. ENG url p. 339.
• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 142, p. 157.
• Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia]Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 13, p. 22, p. 4.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
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• Animal ecology, by Charles Elton; with an introduction by Julian S. Huxley. New York, Macmillan Co., 1927. ENG url p. 131.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 495, p. 574.
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• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 119, p. 18, p. 75, p. 78.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 268.
• Atlas of avian hematology / Alfred M. Lucas, Casimir Jamroz. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1961. ENG url p. 257.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• Bird homes: the nests, eggs, and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / by A. Radclyffe Dugmore; illustrated with photographs from nature by the author. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905. ENG url p. 48.
• Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; with seventy-five full-page colored plates after drawings by Ernest Thompson Seton. New York: D. Appleton, 1901. ENG url p. 192.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 20, p. 310.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
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• Birds and nature in natural colors: being a scientific and popular treatise on four hundred birds of the United States and Canada. Chicago: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1913-1914. ENG url p. 14.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam Washington, D. C., 1898. ENG url p. 200.
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• Birds of the Pacific coast, including a brief account of the distribution and habitat of one hundred and eighteen birds that are more or less common to the Pacific coast states and British Columbia, many of which are found east by Willard Ayres Eliot; wi New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1923. ENG url p. 195.
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• Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. London, Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis]1909-16. ENG url p. 67.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 14 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• Senckenberg: Collection Aves (spirit preserved)
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Bird Collection
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850252
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179423
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13815854
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179410
• IUCN ID: 53555
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBXA5020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13630

Footnotes

1. Mean = 495.920 meters (1,627.034 feet), Standard Deviation = 872.260 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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