Hyla versicolor

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

The Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor ) and Cope's Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) were once thought to be the same species. They cannot be distinguished from one another by external appearance . They can be differentiated in the field by their calls , and in the laboratory by their chromosome number: H. chrysoscelis is diploid, having two pairs of every chromosome, while H. versicolor is tetraploid , having 4 copies of every chromosome. Data suggests that the tetraploid species evolved from the diploid through chromosomal mutation , in this case a doubling of the number of chromosomes (polyploidy). It is believed that this has happened on several occasions independently of each other in different parts of H. chrysoscelis' range . The range map and discussion below applies to both species which are collectively referred to as Gray Treefrogs. Note , however, that both species do not occur uniformly throughout the range showed, there are regions where only one of them is found.

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Particularly common in small trees or shrubs which are located near shallow bodies of water.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,279 meters (0 to 4,196 feet).[1]

Ecology: It inhabits various kinds of wooded and forested habitats . It is both arboreal and terrestrial . It hides in tree holes , under bark , in rotten logs , under leaves, and under tree roots when inactive . Eggs and larvae develop in shallow woodland ponds and marshes, puddles, ponds in forest clearings, swamps , bogs , and many other kinds of permanent or temporary waters lacking a significant current , including ponds created through excavation by humans. In northern Minnesota, successful reproduction in acidic bog water either does not occur or is a rare event (Karns 1992). In central Ontario, embryos and larvae exhibited high degree of acid tolerance (J. Herpetol. 26:1-6).[2]

List of Habitats: 1.4 Forest - Temperate 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens , Peatlands 5.6 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 5.8 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 15.2 Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) 15.5 Artificial/Aquatic - Excavations (open)

Biology

Diet

An opportunistic feeder , it eats insects and other small invertebrates .

Reproduction

Breeds from April to August. They can also breed during the winter in southern areas. Egg masses are laid in water. Their call is a very loud, strong trill.

Behavior

Gray treefrogs have excellent camouflage capabilities. Their skin is rough and usually greenish brown to gray. They are nocturnal , normally living high in trees and descending at night to breed in wetlands.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Hyla versicolor versicolor Leconte, 1825

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 29-Aug-2005

Similar Species

The two species of gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis) are identical in appearance. They can be distinguished by their call and by their chromosome number. The call of Hyla chrysoscelis is a faster trill. Hyla chrysoscelis also has half as many chromosomes as Hyla versicolor .

Members of the genus Hyla

There are approximately 664 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

H. abbreviata · H. abdivita · H. acreana · H. acuminata · H. adelaidensis · H. affinis · H. africana · H. albofrenata · H. alboguttata · H. albolineata · H. albomarginata · H. albonigra · H. albopuncata · H. albopunctata · H. albopunctulata · H. albosignata · H. albotaeniata · H. albovittata · H. alemani · H. alleei · H. alleni · H. allenorum · H. altae · H. altipotens · H. aluminiata · H. alvarengai · H. alytolylax · H. amboinensis · H. ameibothalame · H. americana · H. amicorum · H. anataliasiasi · H. anceps · H. and · H. andersoni (Pine Barrens Treefrog) · H. andersonii (Pine Barrens Tree Frog) · H. andina · H. angiana · H. angularis · H. angustilineata · H. annectans · H. aperomea · H. araguaya · H. arborea (European Common Tree Frog) · H. arborea arborea (European Tree Frog) · H. arborea daponica · H. arborea immaculata · H. arborea japonica · H. arborea kretensis · H. arborea molleri · H. arborea sarda · H. arborea savignyi · H. arborea schelkownikowi · H. arborea var. meridionalis Boettger, 1874 · H. arborescandens (Lesser Bromeliad Treefrog) · H. arboricola · H. arenicola · H. arenicolor (Canyon Treefrog) · H. arfakiana · H. argenteovirens · H. ariadne · H. arildae · H. armata · H. aromatica · H. astartea · H. atlantica · H. auraria · H. aurata · H. aurea · H. aurea ulongae · H. aurifasciata · H. aurifasciatus · H. avicoca avicoca · H. avivoca (Bird-Voiced Treefrog) · H. avivoca avivoca (Bird-Voiced Treefrog) · H. baileyi · H. balzani · H. bambusicola · H. battersbyi · H. baudini · H. baudinii · H. baudini dolomedes · H. baumgardneri · H. becki · H. benitezi · H. berthalutzae · H. bicolor · H. bifurca · H. bifurca andersson · H. biobeba · H. bipunctata · H. bischoffi · H. bischoffi bischoffi · H. bistincta (Mexican Fringe-Limbed Treefrog) · H. bivittata · H. bivocata · H. boans · H. boans boans · H. bocourti · H. boesemani

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Amphibian Data. For additional documentation about utilization and CITES status, click on the Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) link above to see the GAA account for this species or alternatively follow this link to the search function on the Global Amphibian Assessment web site and run your own search.
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• Zoogeography. A symposium presented on August 26-27, 1957 [under the prime auspices of the Pacific Section of the Society of Systematic Zoology] at the Stanford University joint meeting of the American Institute of Washington, 1958. ENG url p. 453, p. 462.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 128, p. 139, p. 148, p. 201, p. 299.
• Zoologischer Jahresbericht. Berlin, R. Friedlander. GER url p. 180, p. 184, p. 198, p. 253, p. 90.
• Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompa by James E. De Kay. Albany: W. and A. White and J. Visscher: 1842-44. ENG url p. 71, p. 97.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
• Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Amphibians
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Amphibian and Reptile Collection - Anura
• Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
• EMAN Provider: FrogWatch Canada
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2475538
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-173503
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13724070
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173503
• IUCN ID: 55687
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAABC02130
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13155

Footnotes

1. Mean = 214.690 meters (704.364 feet), Standard Deviation = 112.510 based on 747 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008. [back]

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