Hirundo rustica

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: arid lowland scrubs, pastures and agricultural lands, northern temperate grasslands, arid lowland scrubs, second-growth scrub • Maximum Elevation: 2,700 meters • Foraging Strata: Aerial • Center of Abundance: Upper subtropical: higher slopes, 500-1,600 m.; subtropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,013 meters (0 to 16,447 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.6     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
  
•     15     Artificial/Aquatic & Marine   
  
•     15.9     Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels , Ditches   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Exclusively: Insects

Reproduction

Nests from mid-April to late June in buildings and under bridges .

• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 4-5
• Length of Incubation : 13-17 days
• Days to Fledge : 18-23
• Number of Broods: 2

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Cliff Swallow, Cave Swallow

Members of the genus Hirundo

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 54 species and subspecies in this genus:

H. abyssinica (Lesser Striped Swallow) · H. aethiopica (Ethiopian Swallow) · H. aethiopica aethiopica (Ethiopian Swallow) · H. albigularis (White-Throated Swallow) · H. andecola (Andean Swallow) · H. angolensis (Angola Swallow) · H. ariel (Fairy Martin) · H. atrocaerulea (Blue Swallow) · H. concolor (Dusky Crag Martin) · H. cucullata (Greater Striped Swallow) · H. daurica (Red-Rumped Swallow) · H. daurica daurica (Red-Rumped Swallow) · H. dimidiata (Pearl-Breasted Swallow) · H. dimidiata dimidiata (Pearl-Breasted Swallow) · H. domicella (West African Swallow) · H. domicola (Hill Swallow) · H. fluvicola (Streak-Throated Swallow) · H. fuliginosa (Dusky Cliff Swallow) · H. fuligula (African Rock Swallow) · H. fulva (Cave Swallow) · H. fulva fulva (Cave Swallow) · H. griseopyga (Grey-Rumped Swallow) · H. leucosoma (Pied-Winged Swallow) · H. lucida (Red-Chested Swallow) · H. lucida lucida (Red-Chested Swallow) · H. megaensis (White-Tailed Swallow) · H. neoxena (Welcome Swallow) · H. neoxena neoxena (Welcome Swallow) · H. nigricans (Australian Tree Martin) · H. nigricans nigricans (Tree Martin) · H. nigrita (White-Throated Blue Swallow) · H. nigrorufa (Black-And-Rufous Swallow) · H. obsoleta (Pale Crag Martin) · H. perdita (Red Sea Cliff-Swallow) · H. preussi (Preuss's Cliff Swallow) · H. pyrrhonota (American Cliff Swallow) · H. pyrrhonota pyrrhonota (American Cliff Swallow) · H. rufigula (Red-Throated Cliff Swallow) · H. rufocollaris (Chestnut-Collared Swallow) · H. rupestris (European Crag Martin) · H. rustica (European Chimney Swallow) · H. rustica erythrogaster (Barn Swallow) · H. rustica gutturalis (Barn Swallow) · H. rustica rustica (Barn Swallow) · H. semirufa (Rufous-Chested Swallow) · H. semirufa semirufa (Rufous-Chested Swallow) · H. senegalensis (Mosque Swallow) · H. senegalensis senegalensis (Mosque Swallow) · H. smithii (Wire-Tailed Swallow) · H. spilodera (South African Cliff-Swallow) · H. striolata (Greater Striated Swallow) · H. striolata striolata (Greater Striated Swallow) · H. tahitica (Pacific Swallow) · H. tahitica tahitica (Pacific Swallow)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url , .
• A book of birds. 1908 London, Sidney Appleton, 1908. url p. 144, p. 152.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 14.
• A glossary of popular, local and old-fashioned names, of British birds; London: H. Sotheran & Co., 1902. url p. 102, p. 25.
• A guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight: a series of contributions by specialists relating to the various branches of natural history and kindred subjects / edited by Frank Morey. Newport, Isle of Wight: The County Press, 1909. url p. 505.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 93.
• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker. .. Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] url p. 108.
• A hand-list of the birds of the Malay Peninsula, south of the Isthmus of Kra. By Herbert C. Robinson. .. Kuala LumpurF. M. S. government printing office, 1910. url p. 12.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting. .. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. url .
• A history of North American birds / by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. 1 1905 Boston: Little, Brown, 1905. url figure , p. 338.
• A history of birds / London: Methuen & Co., [1910] url , , .
• A history of birds, by W. P. Pycraft, with an introd. by Ray Lankester. London, Methuen and Co.[1910] url p. 105.
• A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url p. 111, p. 372.
• A list of European birds, including all those found in the western palaearctic area, with a supplement containing species said to have occurred, but which, for various reasons, are inadmissible. London, R.H. Porter, 1898. url p. 21.
• A list of the birds of Australia: containing the names and synonyms connected with each genus, species, and subspecies of birds found in Australia, at present known to the author / London: Witherby, 1913. url p. 163.
• A manual of Philippine birds / by Richard C. McGregor. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1909. url p. 426, p. 426, p. 733, p. 733.
• A manual of Philippine birds, by Richard C. McGregor. .. Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1909. url p. 426, p. 733.
• A manual of palæarctic birds, by H. E. Dresser. London, The author, 1902-03. url , , , .
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• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• A student's text-book of zoology / by Adam Sedgwick. London: S. Sonnenschein and co.; 1898-1909. url p. 476.
• A student's text-book of zoology, by Adam Sedgwick. .. London, Macmillan Co., 1898-1909. url p. 476.
• A study of the incubation periods of birds; what determines their lengths, Denver, Col., The Kendrick-Bellamy Co., 1917. url .
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• A survey of natural areas in Tyrrell County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url p. 12.
• A text-book of agricultural zoology, and London, W. Blackwood and sons, 1913. url .
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• A treatise on zoology London, A. and C. Black, 1900-1909 url p. 264, p. 348.
• A treatise on zoology. London, Adam and Charles Black, 1900-1909 url p. 264, p. 348.
• A year with the birds; by W. Warde Fowler. .. illustrations by Bryan Hook. London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1914. url p. 265.
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• Wild animals of Glacier National Park. The mammals, Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1918. url .
• Wild birds and their haunts (a book for students and sportsmen) by W. Halliday. .. with a foreword by Gene Stratton-Porter, and an introduction by W. Percival Westell, F.L.S. London, Heath, Cranton limited[1922] url p. 269, p. 289.
• Wild life of the world: a descriptive survey of the geographical distribution of animals / London; F. Warne and co., 1916. url p. 266, p. 468.
• Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition, 1907-1908: unter Führung Adolf Friedrichs, herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1910- url p. 297.
• With nature & a camera; being the adventures and observations of a field naturalist & an animal photographer London, Cassell and company, limited, 1911 url p. 57.
• With nature and a camera; being the adventures and observations of a field naturalist and an animal photographer, by Richard Kearton, illustrated by 180 pictures from photographs by Cherry Kearton. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1898. url p. 57.
• Wonders of the bird world, New York, Frederick A. Stokes company, [1921] url .
• Wonders of the bird world, by Bowdler Sharpe...With illustrations by A. T. Elwes. New York: Frederick A. Stokes company, [1921] url p. 196, p. 336.
• Zambezia: a general description of the valley of the Zambezi River, from its delta to the River Aroangwa, with its history, agriculture, flora, fauna, and ethnography / London: J. Murray, 1910. url .
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, 1910-1993. url p. 298.
• Zoology of Colorado, by Theodore D.A. Cockerell. .. Boulder, Col., University of Colorado, 1927. url p. 90.
• [Collected reprints, 1902-1928. s.l., s.n.19--] url .

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Hirundo rustica. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 02, 2007:

• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5366
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178451
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 3085810
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178448
• IUCN ID: 214354
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAU09030
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13093

Footnotes

1. Mean = 468.100 meters (1,535.761 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,065.170 based on 9,272 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.