Overview
Family : Pipefishes and seahorses ; In shallow, weedy inshore areas and Zostera seagrass beds ; also on sponges. Also under jetties on holdfasts of kelp, and on other man-made structures such as shark nets . Diurnal and site faithful[1]. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail[2].
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Danish:
Whites S, Whites søhest
Common Names in English:
Common Sea-Horse, New Holland seahorse, Sydney seahorse, White´s Seahorse, White's seahorse
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
怀氏海马, 懷氏海馬
Description
Habitat
Ecology:
Hippocampus whitei are found to depths of 25 m
in shallow,
weedy, inshore
areas, in Zostera spp.
seagrass beds
, on
sponges, and often under jetties on kelp holdfasts
(Kuiter 1997).
They are also found on manmade objects such as shark
nets
(A.C.J.
Vincent, pers. obs.). Hippocampus whitei breed
from October
to April. Within this breeding season
, they are site-faithful to
a home range
(averaging 8 m² for males, 12 m² for females: Vincent
et al.
in review) and are faithful to a single mate (Vincent
and Sadler 1995).
This species may be particularly susceptible
to decline. The limited information on habitat
suggests they inhabit
shallow sea-grass beds (Kuiter 1997) that are susceptible to human
degradation, as well as making them susceptible to being caught as
bycatch. All seahorse species have vital parental care, and many
species studied to date have high site fidelity
(Perante et al.
2002, Vincent et al. in review), highly structured social
behaviour (Vincent and Sadler 1995), and relatively sparse distributions
(Lourie et al. 1999). The importance of life history
parameters
in determining response to exploitation has been demonstrated for
a number of species (Jennings et al. 1998).[3].
List of Habitats:
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.7 Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp
- 9.9 Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged) [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
)
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
)
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
)
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
)
- Order:
Syngnathiformes
(
)
- Family:
Syngnathidae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Hippocampinae
(
)
- Genus:
Hippocampus
(
)
- Rafinesque, 1810
- Specific name:
whitei
- Bleeker, 1855
- Scientific name: - Hippocampus whitei Bleeker, 1855
- Specific name:
whitei
- Bleeker, 1855
- Genus:
Hippocampus
(
- Subfamily:
Hippocampinae
(
- Family:
Syngnathidae
(
- Order:
Syngnathiformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Hippocampus camelopardalis Bianconi • Hippocampus novaehollandae Steindachner • Hippocampus novaehollandiae Steindachner
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
First described: Bleeker, P. Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der
ichthyologische fauna
van Amboina. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indië
8:391-434., 1855.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 10-Sep-1999
Similar Species
Members of the genus Hippocampus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 58 species and subspecies in this genus:
H. abdominalis (Eastern Potbelly Seahorse) · H. alatus (Winged Seahorse) · H. algiricus (West African Seahorse) · H. angustus (Western Australian Seahorse) · H. barbouri (Barbour´s Seahorse) · H. bargibanti (Bargibant´s Seahorse) · H. biocellatus (False-Eyed Seahorse) · H. borboniensis (R?union Seahorse) · H. breviceps (Short-Snouted Seahorse) · H. camelopardalis (Giraffe Seahorse) · H. capensis (Knysna Seahorse) · H. comes (Tiger-Tail Seahorse) · H. coronatus (Common Japanese Seahorse) · H. curvicuspis (New Caledonian Thorny Seahorse) · H. debelius (Softcoral Seahorse) · H. denise (Denise's Pygmy Seahorse) · H. erectus (Spotted Sea Horse) · H. fisheri (Fisher´s Seahorse) · H. fuscus (Chilka Seahorse) · H. gracilissimus (Graceful Pipehorse) · H. grandiceps (Big-Head Seahorse) · H. guttulatus (Long-Snouted Seahorse) · H. guttulatus microstephanus (Long-Snouted Seahorse) · H. hendriki (Eastern Spiny Seahorse) · H. hippocampus (Short Snouted Seahorse) · H. histrix (Longspine Seahorse) · H. hystrix (Thorny Seahorse) · H. ingens (Pacific Giant Seahorse) · H. japonicus (Japanese Seahorse) · H. jayakari (Jayakar´s Seahorse) · H. jugumus (Collared Seahorse) · H. kelloggi (Kellog´s Seahorse) · H. kuda (Common Seahorse) · H. lichtensteinii (Lichtenstein's Seahorse) · H. minotaur (Bullneck Seahorse) · H. mohnikei (Japanese Seahorse) · H. monckei (Japanese Seahorse) · H. monikei (Japanese Seahorse) · H. montebelloensis (Monte Bello Seahorse) · H. multispinus (Northern Spiny Seahorse) · H. obtusus (Offshore Seahorse) · H. planifrons (Three-Spotted Seahorse) · H. procerus (High-Crown Seahorse) · H. punctalatus (Silver Cusk Eel) · H. pusillus (Pygmy Thorny Seahorse) · H. queenslandicus (Queensland Seahorse) · H. guttulatus (Common Seahorse) · H. reidi (Longsnout Seahorse) · H. semispinosus (Half-Spined Seahorse) · H. sindonis (Dhiho´s Seahorse) · H. spinosissimus (Hedgehog Seahorse) · H. subelongatus (West Australian Seahorse) · H. trimaculatus (Three-Spotted Seahorse) · H. vulgaris (Spotted Flounder) · H. waleananus (Walea Pygmy Seahorse) · H. whitei (White´s Seahorse) · H. zebra (Zebra Seahorse) · H. zosterae (Little Seahorse)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 146, p. 176, p. 240.
- Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 9.
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: url p. 328, p. 336, p. 721, p. 731.
- Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Mosman, New South Wales [etc.]The Society. url p. 29.
- The Australian zoologist. Sydney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales url p. 313.
- World Atlas of Seagrasses UNEP-WCMC url .
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- FishBase 2006.
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Project Seahorse 2003. Hippocampus whitei. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Project Seahorse 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Randall, John E. (from FishBase).
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bishop Museum Data (OBIS distribution) (USOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 128947
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-52589
- Fishbase Species ID: 22818
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 644920
- IUCN ID: 214192
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 5903
Footnotes
- Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall (1999). Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. [back]
- Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen (1966). Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. [back]
- Project Seahorse 2003. Hippocampus whitei. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
