Hemidactylus frenatus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,187 meters (0 to 3,894 feet).[1]

Ecology: This nocturnal species is found on boulders , beneath rocks or rotting logs , and on trees , however, it most commonly found on buildings. This species is found in both villages and large urban areas, it is usually found close to electric lights at dusk (Malkmus 2002). In addition, this species also occurs in a diverse range of habitats , including rain forests , savannas , and deserts (Henkel and Schmidt 1995). Spawls et al. (2002) report that this species was found on small palm trees in a coconut plantation.[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     2.2     Savanna - Moist   
  
•     6     Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs , mountain peaks)   
  
•     8     Desert   
  
•     8.1     Desert - Hot   
  
•     8.2     Desert - Temperate   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Gecko caracal Tytler 1865 • Gecko chaus Tytler 1865 • Hemidactylus auritus POEPPIG< /i> (In Obst) 1977 • Hemidactylus bojeri Fitzinger 1843 • Hemidactylus bowringii - Stejneger 1907: 172 • Hemidactylus fraenatus Bleeker 1857 • Hemidactylus fragilis • Hemidactylus fragilis Calabresi 1915 • Hemidactylus fragilis — Lanza 1990 • Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel in Dum éril and Bibron • Hemidactylus frenatus — Boulenger 1885: 120 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Cogger 2000: 246 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Cox Et Al. 1998: 84 • Hemidactylus frenatus — De Rooij 1915: 28 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Glaw & Vences 1994: 277 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Lanza 1990 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Liner 1994 • Hemidactylus frenatus — Manthey & Grossmann 1997: 235 • Hemidactylus hexaspis • Hemidactylus hexaspis Cope 1869: 320 • Hemidactylus inornatus Hallowell 1861 • Hemidactylus javanicus • Hemidactylus javanicus FITZINGER 1826< /i> (Nomen Nudum) • Hemidactylus longiceps • Hemidactylus longiceps Cope 1869: 320 • Hemidactylus mabouia - BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1929< /i> (Partim) • Hemidactylus nigriventris • Hemidactylus nigriventris Lidth De Jeude 1905 • Hemidactylus nigriventris — De Rooij 1915: 31 • Hemidactylus okinavensis • Hemidactylus okinawensis Okada 1936 • Hemidactylus papuensis [macleay] 1877 • Hemidactylus pumilus Hallowell 1861: 502 • Hemidactylus punctatus • Hemidactylus punctatus Jerdon 1853 • Hemidactylus tristis • Hemidactylus tristis Sauvage 1879 • Hemidactylus vandermeer-mohri • Hemidactylus vandermeer-mohri Brongersma 1928 • Hemidactylus vandermeermohri Wermuth 1965 • Hemidactylus vittatus • Hemidactylus vittatus Gray 1845 • Hemidactylus< /i> (Pnoepus) Bojeri Fitzinger 1843 • Hemidactylys cf. frenatus Andreone Et Al. 2003 • Pnoepus bojeri Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus caracal Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus fragilis Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus frenatus - Wells 2002 • Pnoepus frenatus Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus inornatus Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus papuensis Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus pumilus Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus punctatus Wells & Wellington 1985 • Pnoepus vittatus Wells & Wellington 1985

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Not listed for Honduras and Belize by KÖHLER (2000). DUMÉRIL & BIBRON (1836) give as type locality a whole range of places including South Africa, Mauritius, Madagascar, etc. In the Pacific H. frenatus and H. garnotii are sympatric only in Hawaii, the Marquesas, and New Caledonia. H. frenatus may have displaced H. garnotii in several instances (BAUER & VINDUM 1990). The arrival of H. frenatus in the Mascarene islands decimated a radiation of six species of Nactus geckos, three now being entirely extinct and the remainder limited to relict populations on the offshore islets of Mauritius (Arnold, 2000; Cole et al. , 2005). Total length max . 140 mm.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Hemidactylus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 77 species and subspecies in this genus:

H. agrius (Country Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. albofasciatus (White-Striped Viper Gecko) · H. albopunctatus (White Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. ansorgii (Nigeria Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. aporus (Annobon Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. arnoldi (Arnold's Leaf-Toed Ghecko) · H. barodanus (Ethiopia Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. bavazzanoi (Somali Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. bayonii (Barboza's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. bouvieri (Cape Verde Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. bowringii (Oriental Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. brasilianus (Amaral's Brazilian Gecko) · H. brookii (Brook's House Gecko) · H. brookii brookii (Brook's House Gecko) · H. citernii (Speedy Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. curlei (Northern Leaf-Tood Gecko) · H. depressus (Kandyan Gecko) · H. echinus (Hedgehog Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. fasciatus (Banded Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. flaviviridis (Yellow-Belly Gecko) · H. forbesii (Socotra Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. frenatus (Bridled House Gecko) · H. funaiolii (Kenya Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. garnotii (Fox Gecko) · H. gracilis (Graceful Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. granchii (Granchi'sleaf-Toed Gecko) · H. granti (Grant's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. haitianus (Antillean House Gecko) · H. homoeolepis (Arabian Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. imbricatus (Carrot-Tail Viper Gecko) · H. inintellectus (Socotran Rock Gecko) · H. intestinalis (Nigeria Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. isolepis (Scaly Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. jubensis (Mrioen Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. kamdemtohami (Kamdem Toham's Gecko) · H. karenorum (Burmese Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. kushmorensis (Kushmore House Gecko) · H. laevis (Common Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. laticaudatus (Andersson's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. lemurinus (Dhofar Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. leschenaultii (Leschenault's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. mabouia (Afro-American House Gecko) · H. macropholis (Largescale Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. maculatus (Spotted Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. matschiei (Togo Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. megalops (Parker's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. mindiae (Mount Sinai-Gecko) · H. modestus (Moderate Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. muriceus (Guinea Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. newtoni (Newton's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. ophiolepis (Snakescale Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. ophiolepoides (Lanza's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. oxyrhinus (Sharpnose Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. palaichthus (Antilles Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. persicus (Persia Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. platycephalus (Flathead Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. platyurus (Flat-Tailed House Gecko) · H. puccionii (Zanzibar Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. pumilio (Pygmy Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. reticulatus (Reticulate Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. richardsonii (Richardson's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. ruspolii (Farm Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. scabriceps (Scaly Gecko) · H. sinaitus (Sinai Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. smithi (Smith's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. somalicus (Northern Somali Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. squamulatus (Tornier's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. stejnegeri (Stejneger's Leaftoed Gecko) · H. subtriedrus (Jerdon's Gecko) · H. tanganicus (Tanzania Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. tasmani (Tasmanian Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. triedrus (Dakota's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. triedrus triedrus (Dakota's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. tropidolepis (Mocquard's Leaf-Toed Gecko) · H. turcicus (Mediterranean Gecko) · H. turcicus turcicus (Mediterranean House Gecko) · H. vietnamensis (Vietnam Leaf-Toed Gecko)

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Further Reading

• A contribution to the zoögeography of the East Indian islands / 1912 Cambridge, U.S.A.: printed for the Museum, 1912. url p. 179, p. 80.
• A popular treatise on the common Indian snakes / by Captain F. Wall. s.l.: s.n., 19-- url p. 232.
• A vertebrate fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore including the adjacent islands. by George A. Boulenger; edited by H.C. Robinson. London: Taylor and Francis, 1912. url p. 41, p. 45.
• Amphibian & reptile conservation: the international journal devoted to the worldwide preservation and management of amphibian and reptilian diversity. Provo, Utah: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, [1996- url p. 24.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 185, p. 185, p. 273.
• Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1886- url p. 439.
• Asiatic herpetological research. 9 2001 Berkeley, Calif.: Asiatic Herpetological Research Society; c1990- url p. 103, fig. 2, page 104, p. 161, fig. 3, page 177, fig. 3, page 27, p. 41, p. 48.
• Breviora. 1987 Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, [1952- url p. 8.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 116, p. 163, p. 172, p. 221, p. 258, p. 50.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 98 1947 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 127, p. 170, p. 183, p. 215, p. 274, p. 286, p. 31, p. 311, p. 316, p. 330, p. 331, p. 4, p. 492, p. 5, p. 67, p. 88.
• Catalogue of reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal / by W. Theobald. Calcutta: Printed at the Baptist Mission Press, 1868. url p. 29.
• Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan peninsula and islands / collected or observed by Theodore Cantor. Calcutta: Printed by J. Thomas, 1847. url p. 23.
• Catalogue of the Specimens of lizards in the collection of the British museum. London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1845. url p. 155.
• Catalogue of the lizards in the British museum (Natural history) / London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1885-87. url , .
• Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970. url p. 141.
• Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, under the leadership of Roy Chapman Andrews: preliminary contributions in geology, palaeontology, and zoology / by R.C. Andrews. .. [et al.] [New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1926-1930]. url p. 369, p. 409.
• Humboldt; Monatsschrift für die gesamten Naturwissenschaften. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1882-90. url p. 398.
• IUCN Directory of Protected Areas in Oceania IUCN url p. 318, p. 440.
• Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates / London: Macmillan, 1911. url p. 435.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 195.
• Journal and proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1 1905 Calcutta, Asiatic Society of Bengal. url p. 84.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 24 2004 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 54.
• Journal of the Federated Malay States museums. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S. Museums, 1906-1929. url p. 153.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 298.
• Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 32-33 1899-1900 Singapore: the Society, 1878-1922. url p. 206.
• Madagascar: an environmental profile IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 181.
• Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. 1980 Lawrence, Kan.: The University, 1971-1994. url fig, 17, page 25, p. 39, p. 44, p. 51.
• Ophidia taprobanica; or, The snakes of Ceylon. Colombo, H. R. Cottle, govt. printer, 1921. url , p. 567.
• Proceedings - California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 207, p. 37.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 176, p. 320, p. 693, p. 693.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 232, p. 285, p. 37, p. 38, p. 564.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 111, p. 139, p. 207, p. 21, p. 22, p. 263, p. 28, p. 29, p. 37, p. 37, p. 372, p. 403, p. 43.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 428.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 10, p. 11, p. 14, p. 645, p. 9, p. 98.
• Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London: Academic Press, [etc.], 1833-1965. url p. 189, p. 198, p. 301, p. 33, p. 33, p. 532, p. 589, p. 628, p. 630, p. 632, p. 633, p. 718, p. 865, p. 89, p. 909.
• Records of the Indian Museum. Calcutta: Pub. by order of the trustees of the Indian Museum, . 1907-1962. url , p. 21, p. 39, p. 51.
• Records of the South Australian Museum / Public Library, Museum, and Art Gallery of South Australia. Adelaide: Published under the authority of the board of governors and edited by the museum director, 1918- url p. 190.
• Reptilia and Batrachia / by George A. Boulenger. London: Taylor and Francis, 1890. url p. 82, p. 85.
• Reptilia and Batrachia. By George A. Boulenger. London: Taylor and Francis, 1890. url p. 82.
• Reptilia and batrachia. By George A. Boulenger. London, Taylor and Francis, [etc., etc.]1890. url p. 82.
• Reptilia and batrachia. London, Taylor and Francis, 1890. url .
• Sexual size differences in reptiles / by Henry S. Fitch. 1981 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1981. url p. 13, p. 43, p. 58.
• Sketches of the natural history of Ceylon: with narratives and anecdotes illustrative of the habits and instincts of the mammalia, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects, &c.: including a monograph of the elephant and a description of the modes of by Sir J. Emerson Tennent. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1868 url p. 281, p. 321.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 141 1961 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 272, p. 309, p. 454.
• Smithsonian year. 1975 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965-1976. url p. 439.
• Smithsonian year: annual report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended Sept. 30. .. 1978 City of Washington: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1980-2001. url p. 347.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 122, p. 122, p. 268, p. 268, p. 29, p. 29, p. 388, p. 503.
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• The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive archipelagoes: being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 / Ed. by J. Stanley Gardiner. Cambridge: University Press, 1903-06. url , p. 120.
• The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 113, p. 14, p. 15, p. 165.
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• The reptiles of China: turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards / by Clifford H. Pope; with 78 illustrations in the text, including a map, and 27 plates at end. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1935. url , p. 218, p. 460.
• The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago / by Nelly de Rooij. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1915-1917. url p. 28, p. 28, p. 29, p. 29, p. 3, p. 340, p. 340, p. 341, p. 341, p. 342, p. 342, p. 344, p. 344, p. 345, p. 345, p. 348, p. 348, p. 349, p. 349, p. 350, p. 350, p. 351, p. 351, p. 352, p. 352, p. 353, p. 353, p. 354, p. 354, p. 355, p. 355, p. 356, p. 356, p. 357, p. 357, p. 358, p. 358, p. 359, p. 359, p. 36, p. 36, p. 360, p. 360, p. 361, p. 361, p. 362, p. 362, p. 373, p. 373, p. 4.
• The snakes of the Philippine Islands, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922. url , .
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 1, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ota, H. & Whitaker, A.H. 2010. Hemidactylus frenatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• TIGR Reptile Database . Release date: October 2, 2007
• Uetz, Peter. The Reptile Database

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 27, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
• Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research: Herp Collection
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2540312
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Rep-3344
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174056
• IUCN ID: 213595
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ARACD03030
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 150633

Footnotes

1. Mean = 83.570 meters (274.180 feet), Standard Deviation = 421.970 based on 150 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Ota, H. & Whitaker, A.H. 2010. Hemidactylus frenatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.