Description
Family Nymphalidae
'The Nymphalidae are members
of the Superfamily
Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family
are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults
vary in size from small to large, and their front legs
are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing shape
is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins
(anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent
colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed
on sap
flows
, rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit
perching
and patrolling
behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying
varies widely, as some species lay eggs
in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance
and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter
as larvae or adults.
'[1]
Subfamily Biblidinae
Tropical Brushfoots are members of the Family Nymphalidae.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
()
- Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
()
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
()
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
()
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
()
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
()
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
()
- Class:
Insecta
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
()
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
()
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
()
- Superorder:
Amphiesmenoptera
()
- Order:
Lepidoptera
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
()
- Family:
Nymphalidae
()
- Brushfooted Butterflies
- Subfamily:
Biblidinae
()
- Tropical Brushfoots
- Genus:
Hamadryas
()
- Specific name:
argentina
- Bryk 1953
- Scientific name: - Hamadryas argentina Bryk 1953
- Specific name:
argentina
- Bryk 1953
- Genus:
Hamadryas
(
- Subfamily:
Biblidinae
(
- Family:
Nymphalidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Superorder:
Amphiesmenoptera
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Provisionally Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Beccaloni G.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Hamadryas
There are approximately 86 species in this genus:
H. aegina · H. albicornis · H. alicia · H. alpheios · H. amphichloe (Pale Cracker) · H. amphinome (Red Cracker) · H. anomala · H. antillana · H. arene · H. arete · H. arethusa · H. argentina · H. arienis · H. arinome (Arinome Cracker) · H. aternia · H. atinia · H. atlantis (Black-Patched Cracker) · H. bassettella · H. belladonna (Belladona Cracker) · H. catablymata · H. chloe (Chloe Cracker) · H. colombicola · H. daphnicia · H. daphnis · H. diasia · H. elaps · H. elata · H. epinome (Epinome Cracker) · H. eupolema · H. evanescens · H. fallax · H. farinulenta · H. fasciata · H. februa (Ferentina Calico) · H. ferentina · H. feronia (Variable Cracker) · H. ferox · H. fictitia · H. florentia · H. fornacalia · H. fornax (Orange Cracker) · H. fumosa · H. fundania · H. gervasia · H. glauconome (Glaucous Cracker) · H. guatemalena (Guatemalan Cracker) · H. gudula · H. hannah · H. hierone · H. honorina · H. icilia · H. insularis · H. iphthime (Brownish Cracker) · H. julitta · H. laodamia (Starry Night) · H. lelaps · H. lindmani · H. maina · H. mandragora · H. marmarice · H. megala · H. mexicana · H. morsina · H. nais · H. nobilita · H. nomia · H. nysa · H. obidona · H. obnubila · H. obumbrata · H. oenoe · H. ophiophagus · H. ortygia · H. palliolata · H. peruviana · H. rhea · H. rosandra · H. sabatia · H. saurites · H. sellasia · H. sodalia · H. sterope · H. tegyra · H. thearida · H. velutina · H. xenia
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
- The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7672609
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-159621.0
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1566575
