Gavia stellata

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Gaviidae

Aquatic birds, with feet far back on the body, making them great swimmers on the water surface and underwater, and clumsy on land .

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: freshwater marshes, coastal waters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: High

Biology

Diet

Primarily fish, with smaller amounts of aquatic invertebrates , reptiles , amphibians , and insects.

Reproduction

• Clutch Size: 2
• Length of Incubation : 24-29 days
• Days to Fledge : 49-51
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

migratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Arctic Loon, Pacific Loon

Members of the genus Gavia

There are approximately 24 species in this genus:

G. adamsi · G. adamsii (White-Billed Northern Diver) · G. arctica (Green-Throated Black-Billed Loon) · G. arctica arctica (Green-Throated Black-Billed Loon) · G. arctica pacifica (Arctic Loon) · G. arctica suschkini · G. arctica viridigularis (Green-Throated Arctic Loon) · G. artica · G. brodkorbi · G. concinna · G. egeriana · G. fortis · G. howardae · G. immer (Lesser Black-Billed Loon) · G. immer elasson (Lesser Black-Billed Loon) · G. immer immer (Lesser Black-Billed Loon) · G. moldavica · G. pacifica (Pacific Diver) · G. paradoxa · G. roseiventris · G. schultzi · G. stellata (Pepper-Shinned Loon) · G. stellata squamata · G. stellata stellata (Pepper-Shinned Loon)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 244, p. 84.
• A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 ENG url p. 775, p. 845.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 6.
• A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958. ENG url p. 629.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 160, p. 226.
• A history of the game birds, wild-fowl and shore birds of Massachusetts and adjacent states... with observations on their...recent decrease in numbers; also the means for conserving those still in existence, by Edward Howe Forbush, state ornithologist of [Boston, Wright and Potter printing company, state printers, 1912] ENG url p. 57.
• A key to the birds of the lower Yangtse Valley, with popular descriptions of the species commonly seen. By N. Gist Gee and Lacy I. Moffett. Shanghai, Shanghai Mercury Limited, Print., 1917. ENG url p. 8.
• A systematic list of the birds of California / by Joseph Grinnell. Hollywood: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1912. ENG url p. 7.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska / edited by Jerry Brown [et al.]. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross: c1980. ENG url p. 444.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. ENG url p. 4.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 458.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson and Charles Ely. Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- ENG url p. 13.
• Birds of America; editor-in-chief, T. Gilbert Pearson; consulting editor, John Burroughs; artists, R.I. Brasher, R. Bruce Horsfall [and] Henry Thurston. New York, The University Society, 1923. ENG url p. 15.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 44.
• Birds of the Pacific coast, including a brief account of the distribution and habitat of one hundred and eighteen birds that are more or less common to the Pacific coast states and British Columbia, many of which are found east by Willard Ayres Eliot; wi New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1923. ENG url p. 170.
• Breviora. Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. ENG url p. 3.
• British birds. London, Witherby and Co. ENG url p. 150, p. 288.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 402, p. 406, p. 72.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 205.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 131, p. 28, p. 366, p. 53.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Charles E. Hellmayr, Boardman Conover. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1948. ENG url p. 14.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 2.
• Die V der Provinz Ostpreussen / von F. Tischler. Berlin: W. Junk, 1914. GER url p. 43, p. 51.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 121, p. 24.
• Fauna of New England, 11: list of the aves / by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. ENG url p. 4.
• Fauna of New England. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the Gurdon Saltonstall Fund, 1904-25. ENG url p. 4.
• Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, by Olaus J. Murie. Invertebrates and fishes collected in the Aleutians, 1936-38, by Victor B. Scheffer. [Washington, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1959] ENG url p. 15, p. 31.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 532.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 32, p. 53.
• Four years in the white North, by Donald B. MacMillan, illustrated from photographs by the author. New York, Harper and Brothers[c1918] ENG url p. 403.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 31.
• Le Gerfaut = De Giervalk. Bruxelles, Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. DUT url p. 41.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 27.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 245, p. 29.
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. ENG url p. 42.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 27, p. 29, p. 32, p. 7, p. 7, p. 73.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 749.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. ENG url p. 3.
• Ornithological notes from Point Barrow, Alaska, by Louis B. Bishop. [Chicago, 1944] ENG url p. 182.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 10, p. 18, p. 29, p. 9, p. 90.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] ENG url p. 95.
• Postilla. New Haven, Peabody Museum of Natural History, 1950-2004. ENG url p. 9.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 4.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 37, p. 568.
• Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Lincoln, [1900-15] ENG url p. 37.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 148, p. 29, p. 8.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
• Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1848-1916. ENG url p. 234, p. 71.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 3.
• Social feeding behavior of birds. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1954. ENG url p. 42.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, ENG url p. 119.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 103.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 243, p. 518, p. 729.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. ENG url p. 156, p. 82.
• The Scottish naturalist. Arbroath [etc.]T. Buncle and Co. [etc.] ENG url p. 202.
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1915. ENG url p. 19.
• The birds of Connecticut, by John Hall Sage and Louis Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss. Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. ENG url p. 17, p. 192.
• The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Chicago, 1909. ENG url p. 284, p. 284, p. 38, p. 38, p. 39, p. 39, p. 755, p. 755.
• Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. [San Diego]: The Society, 1905- ENG url p. 128, p. 16, p. 302.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 174, p. 195, p. 310.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 25 providers.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum, Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851896
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174474
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13836102
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174474
• IUCN ID: 49671
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNBA01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7210

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