Gasterosteus aculeatus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: This species is typically found in quiet weedy pools and backwaters . It is also found in the marginal vegetation of streams , over sand and mud bottom substrates. Marine populations are pelagic, and usually found inshore along the coast, in estuaries and coastal lagoons . In some lakes , two morphologically and ecologically distinct forms may occur, differing in habitat (one littoral , the other mainly limnetic ). Eggs are deposited in freshwater in a nest of plant material made by the male on the bottom in shallow water. The female will typically lay a few hundred eggs and may lay eggs in several nests over a period of several days (Morrow 1980).

Anadromous , with numerous resident populations in brackish or pure freshwater, rarely in marine waters. Usually forages at sea until two years old, then moves to lower part of rivers in March-April to reproduce. Freshwater populations usually spawn for the first time at one year. In spawning season , males develop a bright orange to red belly and blue-green flank and eyes. They defend territories, in which in April-June they construct a nest on the bottom, in relatively shallow areas, very rarely attached to plants . They make a depression up to 14 × 10 cm to which they bring plant materials (especially filamentous algae), which are glued together with kidney secretions. Several females are individually led to the nest to spawn, then chased away. Males guard and fan eggs to provide them with oxygenated water. Spawning behaviour is very stereotyped. Eggs hatch in 7-8 days and juveniles are guarded for a few days after which male abandons the nest. Anadromous individuals usually die of exhaustion after spawning cycle while freshwater individuals are able to complete several cycles within one year or sometimes over several years. Juveniles move to sea (anadromous populations) or to deeper, larger water bodies (freshwater populations) in July-August where they form large feeding schools. Feeds on small aquatic invertebrates , especially insects and crustaceans.[2].

List of Habitats:

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.13     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Inland Deltas   
  
•     5.14     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes   
  
•     5.16     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools   
  
•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.1     Marine Neritic - Pelagic   
  
•     9.9     Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)   
  
•     9.10     Marine Neritic - Estuaries   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.4     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes   
  
•     13.5     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Freshwater Lakes   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus • Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus Linnaeus • Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 • Gasterosteus aculeatus crenobionta • Gasterosteus aculeatus crenobionta Bacescu & Mayer, 1956 • Gasterosteus crenobiontus • Gasterosteus crenobiontus Bacescu & Mayer, 1956

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Year from Eschmeyer[3].

Last scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 08-Oct-1998

Similar Species

Members of the genus Gasterosteus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 26 species and subspecies in this genus:

G. aculeatus (Three Spined Stickleback) · G. aculeatus aculeatus (Banstickle) · G. aculeatus santaeannae (Santa Ana Stickleback) · G. aculeatus williamsoni (Unarmored Threespine Stickleback) · G. canadus (Black King Fish) · G. carolinus (Carolina Pompano) · G. crenobiontus (Techirghiol Stickleback) · G. ductor (Pilot Fish) · G. gymnurus (Western Threespine Stickleback) · G. inconstans (Common Freshwater Stickleback) · G. islandicus (Iceland Stickleback) · G. japonicus (Japanese Pineconefish) · G. laevis (Smoothtail Ninespine Stickleback) · G. microcephalus (West Coast Threespine Stickleback) · G. ovatus (Short Dorsal Fin Pompano) · G. platygaster (Southern Nine-Spined Stickleback) · G. platygaster aralensis (Aral Stickleback) · G. pungitius (Nine-Spined Stickleback) · G. quadracus (Four-Spined Stickleback) · G. saltatrix (Santa Ana Stickleback) · G. sinensis (Amur Nine-Spined Stickleback) · G. spinachia (Fifteen-Spined Stickleback) · G. trachurus (Sakhalin Nine-Spined Stickleback) · G. volitans (Ornate Butterfly-Cod) · G. wheatlandi (Black-Spotted Stickleback) · G. williamsoni (Unarmoured Threespine Stickleback)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A bibliography of fishes, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 1916-1923. url , , , , , .
• A bibliography of fishes, by Bashford Dean. .. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1916-1923. url p. 15, p. 15, p. 151, p. 161, p. 161, p. 383, p. 39, p. 39, p. 525, p. 525, p. 540, p. 540, p. 656, p. 692.
• A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 url p. 163, p. 164, p. 584, p. 746, p. 845.
• A biology of Crustacea. Chicago, Quadrangle Books[1961] url p. 111, p. 174.
• A catalogue of land, fresh-water, and marine crustacea found in the basin of the River Forth and its estuary. Edinburgh, The Society, 1906. url p. 190.
• A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. San Francisco, 1955. url p. 643.
• A checklist of Canadian Atlantic fishes with keys for identification / Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum, 1965 url p. 11, p. 59, p. 98.
• A guide book to the marine fishes of Rhode Island. Photos by the author. Watch Hill, R. I., Book and Tackle Shop[1960] url p. 44.
• A guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight: a series of contributions by specialists relating to the various branches of natural history and kindred subjects / edited by Frank Morey. Newport, Isle of Wight: The County Press, 1909. url p. 483.
• A guide to the study of fishes, New York, H. Holt, 1905. url , , .
• A guide to the study of fishes, by David Starr Jordan. .. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1905. url p. 165, p. 227, p. 231, p. 232, p. xv.
• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 91.
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• A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. url p. 23.
• A list of the fishes of Pennsylvania / by Henry W. Fowler. Washington, D.C.: Biological Society of Washington, 1919 url p. 67.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 14, 2012.
• Hammerson, G., Freyhof, J., Kottelat, M. & Lukey, J.R. 2010. Gasterosteus aculeatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Fish Collection
• Royal Ontario Museum, Fish specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Niv
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Highland Biological Recording Group - HBRG Fish and Herptiles dataset
• University of Navarra, Museum of Zoology, Museum of Zoology, University of Navarra

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 154300
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-52983
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4286327
• IUCN ID: 210727
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1209582

Footnotes

1. Mean = 29.070 meters (95.374 feet), Standard Deviation = 43.410 based on 122,695 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Hammerson, G., Freyhof, J., Kottelat, M. & Lukey, J.R. 2010. Gasterosteus aculeatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
3. Eschmeyer, W.N., Editor (1998). Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.