Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Catalan:
Dard
Common Names in Danish:
Iowa-smutte
Common Names in English:
iowa darter, Weed darter, Yellowbelly
Common Names in French:
Dard , dard à ventre jaune, dard à ventre jaune
Common Names in Italian:
Iotra
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
細鏢鱸, 细镖鲈
Description
Physical Description
Species Etheostoma exile
Body: Mouth
and snout: Mouth terminal to slightly subterminal
, horizontal,
minute teeth on jaws
. No barbels
. Body patterning, color, and scales
:
Back brown with faint blotches; usually a distinct
boundary between
the back and lateral
pigmentation
. Sides mottled
with 9-12 dark blotches
or often irregular vertical
bars
, not extending onto dorsal or ventral
surface. Belly white, tan, or light olive. First dorsal with dark
lower half, then lighter band
, then dark margin
. Second dorsal and
caudal fin spotted, other fins
lightly pigmented
or clear. 55-65
ctenoid lateral scales. Body shape
and size: Body fusiform
to cylindrical
and elongated; round
to oval
in cross
section
. Typically 35-50 mm
(1.5-2 in) TL
; maximum about 75 mm (3 in).
Fins: Tail, dorsal and other fins: Rounded
or square
tail. Dorsal
fin
with 2 lobes
, clearly separated, the first with 8-12 (usually
9) spines and the second with 10-12 (usually 11) rays. Pelvic fins
thoracic
. Adipose fin
absent. Anal fin with 2 spines and 7-9 (usually
8) rays.
Distinguishing characteristics: The Iowa darter
can be distinguished
by its 55 or more lateral-line scales, its pigment/color pattern
,
and by its lack of a modified scale between the pelvic fins. See
also similar species information.
Breeding adults
: Males with vertical bars more pronounced and better
defined, bars greenish-blue with brick red in-between them. Upper
sides of belly reddish-yellow or reddish-orange, ventral area and
throat
cream. First dorsal with dark greenish-blue base
, than orange-red
on light band (finely outlined in yellow), then greenish-blue margin.
Orange-red wash
on 2nd dorsal, greenish-blue on anal
and pelvic fins.
Juveniles
: Similar to adults.
Habitat
Inhabits vegetated lakes , pools of headwaters , creeks and small to medium rivers .
Biome: Marine .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Perciformes
()
-
- Suborder:
Percoidei
()
-
- Family:
Percidae
()
- Genus:
Etheostoma
()
- Rafinesque, 1819
- Specific name:
exile
- Scientific name: - the United states, Canada, and Mexico Sixth Edition. Special Publication 29.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Service
- Specific name:
exile
- Genus:
Etheostoma
(
- Family:
Percidae
(
- Suborder:
Percoidei
(
- Order:
Perciformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Boleichthys Exilis • Boleichthys exilis Girard • Boleichthys exilis Girard, 1859 • Coregonus oregonius Jordan & Snyder • Coregonus williamsoni Girard • Etheostoma exile • Prosopium oregonium (Jordan & Snyder
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
First described: Girard, M.
J. A. Note
sur une espèce nouvelle
du genre Hemerobius, famille des Hémérobides, tribu des Myrméléoniens,
ordre des Névroptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de
France (3)7:163-170., 1859.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 08-Jun-1994
Similar Species
Fish Name Body Depth/SL Frenum Snout Stripe Anal Spines/Rays Dorsal Spines/Rays Lateral Scales Similarity Index Bluntnose Darter 14-18% Absent Continuous over snout 1/7-9 8-9/9-11, lobes separate 52-58, Very similar Crystal Darter 11-13% Present Continuous over snout 1/15-16 14/14-16, lobes close 9-95, all pored Very similar Iowa Darter 14-18% Present Gap at tip of snout 2/7-9 8-12/10-12, lobes separate 55-65, N/A Johnny Darter 14-18% Absent Gap at tip of snout 1/7-9 7-9/11-14, lobes close 37-50, all pored Very similar Least Darter 16-20% Present Continuous or gap at tip 1-2/5-6 5-7/9-10, lobes close 32-38, 0-7 pored Very similar Western Sand Darter 11-13% Absent Absent or gap at tip 1/9-12 10-12/9-12, lobes far apart 69-81, all pored Very similar
Members of the genus Etheostoma
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 194 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
E. acuticeps (Sharphead Darter) · E. aquali (Coppercheek Darter) · E. artesiae (Redspot Darter) · E. asprigene (Mud Darter) · E. atripinne (Cumberland Snubnose Darter) · E. australe (Dardo De Conchos) · E. baileyi (Emerald Clingfish) · E. barbouri (Teardrop Butterflyfish) · E. barrenense (Splendid Darter) · E. basilare (Corrugated Darter) · E. bellator (Warrior Darter) · E. bellum (Orangefin Characin) · E. bison (Buffalo Darter) · E. blennioides (Greenside Darter) · E. blennioides blennioides (Greenside Darter) · E. blennioides gutselli (Tuckasegee Darter) · E. blennioides newmani (Greenside Darter) · E. blennioides pholidotum (Greenside Darter) · E. blennius (Blenny Darter) · E. blennius blennius (Blenny Darter) · E. boschungi (Slackwater Darter) · E. brevirostrum (Holiday Darter) · E. burri (Brook Darter) · E. caerulea (Rainbow Darter) · E. caeruleum (Rainbow Darter) · E. caeruleum caeruleum (Rainbow Darter) · E. camurum (Bluebreast Darter) · E. cervus (Chickasaw Darter) · E. chermocki (Vermilion Darter) · E. chienense (Relict Darter) · E. chlorobranchium (Greenfin Darter?names of Fishes 133) · E. chlorosoma (Bluntnose Darter) · E. chlorosomum (Bluntnose Darter) · E. chuckwachatte (Lipstick Darter) · E. cinerea (Ashy Darter) · E. cinereum (Ashy Darter) · E. collettei (Creole Darter) · E. collis (Carolina Darter) · E. colorosum (Coastal Darter) · E. coosae (Coosa Darter) · E. corona (Crown Darter) · E. cragini (Arkansas Darter) · E. crossopterum (Fringe-Lipped Worm Eel) · E. cymatotaenia (Bluestripe Darter) · E. davisoni (Choctawhatchee Darter) · E. denoncourti (Golden Darter) · E. denoncourtivan (Golden Darter) · E. derivativum (Stone Darter) · E. ditrema (Coldwater Darter) · E. douglasi (Tuskaloosa Darter) · E. duryi (Blackside Snubnose Darter) · E. edwini (Brown Damsel) · E. erythrozonum (Meramec Saddled Darter) · E. etheostoma (Scaly Goby) · E. etnieri (Cherry Darter) · E. etowahae (Etowah Darter) · E. euzonum (Arkansas Saddled Darter) · E. euzonum erizonum (Current Saddled Darter) · E. euzonum euzonum (Arkansas Saddled Darter) · E. exile (Yellowbelly) · E. flabellare (Fantail Darter) · E. flabellare flabellare (Fantail Darter) · E. flabellaris (Fantail Darter) · E. flavum (Saffron Darter) · E. fonticola (Fountain Darter) · E. forbesi (Barrens Darter) · E. fragi (Strawberry Darter) · E. fricksia (Savannah Darter) · E. fricksium (Savannah Darter) · E. fusiforme (Swamp Darter) · E. fusiforme barratti (Swamp Darter) · E. fusiforme fusiforme (Swamp Darter) · E. gracile (Slough Darter) · E. grahami (Rio De La Plata Onesided Livebearer) · E. gutselli (Tuckasegee Darter) · E. histrio (Harlequin Darter?134 Names of Fishes) · E. hopkinsi (Christmas Darter) · E. hopkinsi binotatum (Christmas Darter) · E. hopkinsi hopkinsi (Christmas Darter) · E. inscriptum (Turquiose Cichlid) · E. jessiae (Blueside Darter) · E. jordani (Greenbreast Darter) · E. juliae (Yoke Darter) · E. kanawhae (Kanawha Darter) · E. kantuckeense (Highfinned Parrotfish) · E. kennicotti (Stripetail Darter) · E. lachneri (Tombigbee Darter) · E. lawrencei (Headwater Darter) · E. lepidum (Greenstripe Rockfish) · E. longimana (Longfin Darter) · E. longimanum (Longfin Darter) · E. lugoi (Tufa Darter) · E. luteovinctum (Redband Darter) · E. luteovinctumin (Redband Darter) · E. lynceum (Brighteye Darter) · E. macrocephalum (Longhead Darter) · E. maculata (Spotted Darter) · E. maculatum (Spotted Darter) · E. mariae (Pinewoods Darter) · E. meadiae (Bluespar Darter)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with notes on the species discovered in 1883 and 1884, by David Starr Jordan. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1885. url p. 81.
- A distributional atlas of Upper Mississippi River fishes / [by] Philip W. Smith, Alvin C. Lopinot [and] William L. Pflieger. Urbana: [s. n.]; 1971. url p. 10, p. 19.
- A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. url p. 28.
- Adult, juvenile and larval fish in the vicinity of the J.H. Campbell Power Plant, eastern Lake Michigan, 1978 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, 1979. url p. 63.
- Aquatic community classification and ecosystem diversity in Montana's Missouri River watershed / [Helena, Mont.:Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2005. url .
- Aquatic surveys and assessment of the Slim Buttes region of Harding and Butte Co., SD / prepared for the Montana and South Dakota TNC field offices by David M. Stagliano. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2006. url , .
- Crayfish species assemblages in softwater lakes in seven tertiary watersheds in south-central Ontario / report prepared by S. M. David. .. [et al.]. [Toronto]: Ontario, Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1997. url p. 22.
- Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 280, p. 283, p. 301.
- Fish and Wildlife Habitat Changes Resulting from Construction of a Nine-Foot Channel on Pools 24, 25, and 26 of the Mississippi River and the Lower Illinois River, Ft. BelvoirDefense Technical Information CenterAPR 1979. url p. 245, p. 445.
- Fish populations of the wild & scenic Missouri River, Montana / [Helena]: Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, [1981] url .
- Fishes of Canada's national capital region = Poissons de la région de la capitale du Canada / Ottawa: Dept. of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, 1974. url p. 154, p. 189, p. 196.
- Fishes of northern Ontario, north of the Albany River / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, c1964 url p. 19.
- Man and the biological world [by] J. Speed Rogers, Theodore H. Hubbell [and] C. Francis Byers; with illus. by William L. Brudon. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1952. url p. 660.
- Management of artificial lakes and ponds. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp.[1962] url p. 269.
- Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1967 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 313, p. 6.
- Non-native fishes inhabiting the streams and lakes of Illinois / Champaign, Ill.: Illinois Natural History Survey, [1996] url p. 18.
- Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. 1981 Lawrence, Kan.: The University, 1971-1994. url p. 17, p. 40, p. 43.
- Pamphlets on forestry. Fish and game. [1900?- url p. 1103.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 705.
- Report of the Commissioner for. .. / United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington: G.P.O., 1874-1905. url p. 869.
- Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. url , p. 2, p. 58.
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 122, p. 124, p. 140, p. 161, p. 212, p. 213, p. 231, p. 254, p. 308, p. 319, p. 323, p. 346, p. 427, p. 461, p. 467, p. 493, p. 496, p. 500, p. 505, p. 556, p. 631, p. 642.
- The changing Illinois environment: critical trends: technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Springfield, Ill.: Ill. Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, 1994. url p. 152, p. 164, p. 193.
- Tulane studies in zoology. 9 1962 New Orleans: Tulane University, 1953-1968. url p. 123, fig. 4, page 135, p. 144, p. 75.
Notes
Contributors
- American Fisheries Society. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United states, Canada, and Mexico Sixth Edition. Special Publication 29.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
- Lyons, John. WiscFish.org University of Wisconsin, Center for Limnology, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin Sea Grant. Provided photos, physical description, and table comparing similar species.
- Parin, Nikolay V. (from FishBase).
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:
- Burke Museum: University of Washington Fish Collection
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection (OBIS Canada)
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
- University of Alberta: University of Alberta Ichthology Collection
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Research Center: Fish Collection
- University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History: Fish specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 126747
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-24571
- Fishbase Species ID: 3420
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13538881
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 168393
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCQC02240
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 15780
