Overview
Family : Pearlfishes; Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Found over soft bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300).
Common Names
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
倫氏底潛魚
Description
Family Carapidae
Distribution: tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Dorsal fin rays shorter than opposite anal rays. Anus of adults and origin of anal fin located behind head and usually under pectoral fin, under vertebrae 1 - 13. Translucent eel-like fishes without scales . Wide gill openings, reaching far forward. Vomerine, palatine and jaw teeth present. No opercular spines. Branchiostegal rays 6-7. No supramaxillary . Vertebrae about 85-145. Vexillum present in larvae. Eggs are pelagic , oval , and slightly over 1 mm in the longest dimension (Ref. 240). Pearlfishes are free-living (Echiodon), commensal (Carapus, Onuxodon), or parasitic (Encheliophis, = Jordanicus), living in association with shallow-water invertebrate hosts (holothurians , bivalves , starfishes), largely in coral-dominated communities. Family members occur in shelf and slope waters of 0-2,000 m depth and range from about 65°N to 60°S.The family Carapidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Ophidiiformes. It contains 7 genera and 31 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is anguilliform .
Habitat
Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Paracanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Ophidiiformes
()
- Cusk Eels
- Order:
Ophidiiformes
(
- Superorder:
Paracanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Carapus rendahli Whitley, 1941
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 05-Mar-1999
Similar Species
Members of the genus Echiodon
There are approximately 13 species in this genus:
E. anchipterus · E. atopus · E. coheni · E. cryomargarites (Messmate) · E. dawsoni (Chain Pearlfish) · E. dentatus (Fierasfer) · E. drummondii · E. exsilium (Nocturnal Pearlfish) · E. neotes · E. pegasus · E. pukaki · E. rendahli · E. rendhali
Bibliography
- Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney (1990). Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410.
- Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins (1999). Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 18. Rome, FAO, 178 p. 136 figs.
- Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan (1989). New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p.
- Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley (1989). Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.
- Williams, J.T. (1984). Studies on Echiodon (Pisces: Carapidae), with description of two new Indo-Pacific species. Copeia 1984(2):410-422.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 8, 2006.
- Ferraris, Jr., Carl J. (from FishBase).
- FishBase 2006.
- Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2491919
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-56797
- Fishbase Species ID: 24981
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 132678
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 690451
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 109643
