Overview
Family : Pearlfishes ; Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Free-living adults are found on the outer shelf, usually deeper than 64 m over muddy sand bottoms (Ref. 36487). Oviparous , with specialized vexillifer planktonic larval stage , and benthic tenuis larval stage (Ref. 36487).
Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Nocturn Goby, Nocturnal Pearlfish
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
隱底潛魚, 隐底潜鱼, 隱底潛魚
Common Names in Spanish:
Perlero Nocturno, Pez Perla
Description
Family Carapidae
Distribution: tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Dorsal fin rays shorter than opposite anal rays. Anus of adults and origin of anal fin located behind head and usually under pectoral fin, under vertebrae 1 - 13. Translucent eel-like fishes without scales . Wide gill openings, reaching far forward. Vomerine, palatine and jaw teeth present. No opercular spines. Branchiostegal rays 6-7. No supramaxillary . Vertebrae about 85-145. Vexillum present in larvae. Eggs are pelagic , oval , and slightly over 1 mm in the longest dimension (Ref. 240). Pearlfishes are free-living (Echiodon), commensal (Carapus, Onuxodon), or parasitic (Encheliophis, = Jordanicus), living in association with shallow-water invertebrate hosts (holothurians , bivalves , starfishes), largely in coral-dominated communities. Family members occur in shelf and slope waters of 0-2,000 m depth and range from about 65N to 60S.The family Carapidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Ophidiiformes. It contains 7 genera and 31 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is anguilliform .
Habitat
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -2,111 meters (0 to -6,926 feet).Mean = -1,229.330 meters (-4,033.235 feet), Standard Deviation = 790.170 based on 12 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Paracanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Ophidiiformes
()
- Cusk Eels
- Order:
Ophidiiformes
(
- Superorder:
Paracanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name .
Similar Species
Members of the genus Echiodon
There are approximately 13 species in this genus:
E. anchipterus · E. atopus · E. coheni · E. cryomargarites (Messmate) · E. dawsoni (Chain Pearlfish) · E. dentatus (Fierasfer) · E. drummondii · E. exsilium (Nocturnal Pearlfish) · E. neotes · E. pegasus · E. pukaki · E. rendahli · E. rendhali
Bibliography
- Ambrose, D.A. (1996). Carapidae: pearlfishes. p. 532-537. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p.
- Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney (1990). Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410.
- Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins (1999). Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 18. Rome, FAO, 178 p. 136 figs.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 8, 2006.
- FishBase
- Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
- Williams, Jeffrey T. (from FishBase).
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2491915
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-127137
- Fishbase Species ID: 52421
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 82072
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 165117
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 109639
