Delphinus delphis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Delphinidae

The family Delphinidae has been called a 'taxonomic trash basket', because many small to medium-sized odontocetes of various forms have been lumped together in this group for centuries. Consequentely, the so-called delphinids are diverse in form. They range in size from 1 to 1.88 m dolphins of the genera Sotalia and Cephalorhynchus, to the killer whale , in which males can reach lengths of at least 9.8 m. However, most delphinids share the following characteristics: a marine habitat , a noticeable beak , conical teeth, and a large falcate dorsal fin set near the middle of the back. There are exceptions to everyone of these rules , except the presence of basically conical teeth.

Physical Description

Habitat

Pelagic, offshore creature. Generally preferring surface temperatures greater than 10 degrees C.

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 29 meters (96 feet).[1]

Ecology: In the Mediterranean, Common Dolphins are found in both pelagic and neritic environments, occasionally sharing the former with Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and the latter with Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncates ) (Bearzi et al. 2003). Mixed-species groups of Common, Striped and Risso?s Dolphins (Grampus griseus) have been consistently observed in the pelagic waters of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece (Frantzis and Herzing 2002). Mediterranean Common Dolphins are typically found in groups of 50?70 animals, with larger aggregations occasionally recorded. In the eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters , however, groups rarely include more than 15 individuals, and groups greater than 40 have not been observed (Bearzi et al. 2003).[2].

List of Habitats :

•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.1     Marine Neritic - Pelagic   
  
•     10     Marine Oceanic   
  
•     10.1     Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Fish, squid or octopus , anchovies , herring and pilchards. Small feeding groups will scatter in late afternoon to await ascension of the deep scattering layer. Frequently adopt cooperative techniques to capture prey ex : herds may dive below a school of fish and drive it to the surface.

Reproduction

Gestation period : 10-12 months. Calving peaks in spring and fall Calf nursed 14-19 months. Sexual maturity: 12-15 years, 1.7-2 m (male) 6- 7 years, 1.6-1.9 m (female).

Behavior

Various flips and somersaults. Highly vocal- whistles pulse sounds for communication and ecolocation. Strandings not particularly common. Large active schools - 1000-100,000 or greater Friendly, but not easily trained Sometimes split up into small groups at night. Reassemble to rest and socialize during the day. Active and boisterous. Whole school can be completely out of water. Bow riding favorite activity - ride off ships and pressure waves created by whales - may stay with vessel long time. Appears to be some sexual segregation- some evidence of nursery schools consisting of large portions of pregnant and nursing females. Dive to depths of at least 280m as long as 8 minutes.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Delphinus delphis delphis Linnaeus

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 05-Dec-2008

Until 1994, all common dolphins around the world were classified as a single species: D. delphis. However, it is now known that at least two species exist within the genus: the Short-beaked (D. delphis) and Long-beaked (D. capensis) Common Dolphins (Heyning and Perrin 1994). There is also a distinct short-beaked form in the Black Sea , the taxonomic status of which has not been adequately clarified (however, it is currently thought to be a subspecies : D. delphis ponticus Amaha, 1994).[3].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Delphinus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 23 species and subspecies in this genus:

D. albirostris (Allen's Squirrel Galago) · D. capensis (Long-Beaked Common Dolphin) · D. chinensis (Chinese White Dolphin) · D. clymene (Short-Snouted Spinner Dolphin) · D. cruciger (White-Sided Dolphin) · D. delphis (Short-Beaked Common Dolphin) · D. delphis delphis (Short-Beaked Saddle-Backed Dolphin) · (Short-Beaked Common Dolphin) · D. densirostris (Blainville's Beaked Whale) · D. eutropia (Banded Anteater) · D. fluviatilis (Guianian River Dolphin) · D. frontalis (Atlantic Spotted Dolphin) · D. gangetica (South Asian River Dolphin) · D. griseus (White-Headed Grampus) · D. leucas (Long-Footed Potoroo) · D. longirostris (Pantropical Spinner Dolphin) · D. melas (North Atlantic Longfinned Pilot Whale) · D. metis (Short-Snouted Spinner Dolphin) · D. obscurus (Dusky Dolphin) · D. orca (Atlantic Killer Whale) · D. phocoena (Pacific Harbor Porpose) · D. tropicalis (Arabian Common Dolphin) · D. truncatus (Atlantic Bottle-Nosed Dolphin)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bearzi, G. 2003. Delphinus delphis (Mediterranean subpopulation). In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. 2008. Delphinus delphis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• EMAN Provider, PIROP
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Bay of Fundy Species List
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Canada Maritimes Regional Cetacean Sightings
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, iziko South African Museum - Marine Mammal Collection
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Mammalogy Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• OZCAM
• Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Royal Ontario Museum, Mammal specimens
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Mammals
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Countryside Council for Wales - Pembrokeshire Marine Species Atlas
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Highland Biological Recording Group - HBRG Mammals dataset.
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Mammal Specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2478510
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-180438
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2494622
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180438
• IUCN ID: 204711
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAGE03010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4076

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 45.970 based on 123,630 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Bearzi, G. 2003. Delphinus delphis (Mediterranean subpopulation). In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]
3. Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. 2008. Delphinus delphis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.