Cygnus olor

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,793 meters (0 to 12,444 feet).[1]

Biology

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Plant Matter. Lesser Quantities of: Aquatic Invertebrates

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
• Clutch Size: 5-7
• Length of Incubation : 36(35-41) days
• Days to Fledge : 115-155
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Nonmigratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Tundra Swan

Members of the genus Cygnus

There are approximately 25 species in this genus:

C. anatoides · C. atratus (Black Swan) · C. bewicki · C. bewickii · C. bewickii bewickii · C. buccinator (Trumpeter Swan) · C. columbianus (Whistling Swan) · C. columbianus atlanticus (Tundra Swan) · C. columbianus bewickii (Bewick's Swan) · C. columbianus columbianus (Whistling Swan) · C. columbianus jankowskii · C. cygnus (Whooper Swan) · C. cygnus buccinator (Trumpeter Swan) · C. cygnus cygnus · C. cygnus islandicus · C. cygnys · C. herenthalsi · C. islandicus · C. melancoryphus (Black-Necked Swan) · C. melanocorypha (Black-Necked Swan) · C. minor · C. olor (Domestic Swan) · C. olor immutabilis · C. paloregonus · C. sumnerensis

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 264, p. 265, p. 485, p. 56.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker Charles S. Roy and Robert W. Shufeldt London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 190, p. 930.
• A geographical bibliography of British ornithology from the earliest time to the end of 1918, arranged under counties, being a record of printed books, published articles, notes and records relating to local avifauna, by W. H. Mullens, H. Kirke Swann, F. London, Witherby, 1920. ENG url p. 492.
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. By R. Bowdler Sharpe London, E. Lloyd, Limited, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 246, p. 251, p. 254.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 127.
• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] ENG url p. 235.
• A hand-list of the Japanese birds. Edited by a special committee of the Ornithological Society of Japan. [Tokyo, Ornithological Society of Japan]1922. ENG url p. 34.
• A hand-list of the genera and species of birds: nomenclator avium tum fossilium tum viventium. London: Trustees of the British Museum1899-1909. ENG url p. 207.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 506.
• A history of British birds / by William Yarrell, V.P.L.S., F.Z.S. London: John van Voorst, 1871-1885. ENG url p. 324.
• Abhandlungen. Berlin, W. de Gruyter [etc.] GER url p. 84.
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• Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux. url p. 188.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. Cygnus olor. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. and lt;www.iucnredlist.org and gt;. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 12, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 37 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 12, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bird Studies Canada: BC Coastal Waterbird Survey
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem: GEO Biodiversity Day
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Finnish Museum of Natural History: Hatikka Observation Data Gateway
• GBIF-Sweden: Bird Ringing Centre in Sweden (NRM)
• GBIF-Sweden: Birds (GBIF-SE:Artdatabanken)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS: National System of Proetcted Areas
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• National Science Museum of Korea: National Science Museum of Korea Bird
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Aves (bird skins)
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility: Priest Pot species list, Cumbria, Britain
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Argyll Bird Club - Bird records for Argyll for the years 2002 and 2003
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Herts Bird Club - Hertfordshire Breeding Bird Atlas : 1988-1992
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
• University of Gdansk, Bird Migration Research Station: Ringing Data from the Bird Migration Research Station, University of Gdańsk
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens
• Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom: Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3854300
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174985
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13536723
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174985
• IUCN ID: 47136
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNJB02040
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 153049

Footnotes

1. Mean = 285.880 meters (937.927 feet), Standard Deviation = 606.820 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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