Coryphaena hippurus (Common Dolphin Fish)

Overview

Family : Dolphinfishes; Found in open waters but also near the coast [1][2]. Forms schools. Feeds on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton ; also takes crustaceans and squid [3]. Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months (3 for captive fish)[4]. Spawns in the open sea and probably approximate to the coast when water temperature rises [1]. Attracting devices such as floating bundles of bamboo reeds or cork planks are used to concentrate dolphin fish before the nets are set . Marketed frozen [5] and fresh and is of high value [1].

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Afrikaans:

Dorade

Common Names in Agutaynen:

Dolado

Common Names in Albanian:

Korifene

Common Names in Arabic:

ﻪﻛﻮﺒﻤﻟ, Anfalous, Bakhti Bakhti, ﻪﻛﻮﺒﻤﻟ, Lamboûka, Lambo˚ka, Lambo�ka, Lambouqa, L�mbug, Lambuka, Lámbug, Lämbukeh, L�mbukeh, Msi'a Amerikano

Common Names in Austronesian (Other):

Tepoar

Common Names in Bengali:

Pomfret

Common Names in Bikol:

Dorado, Lamadang, Lamadang Lalaki, Lapanak

Common Names in Bolinao:

Durado

Common Names in Cantonese:

Ngau Tau Yue

Common Names in Carolinian:

Tepoar

Common Names in Catalan:

Llampuga

Common Names in Cebuano:

Derado, Durado, Lali, Lumod, Pandawan

Common Names in Chavacano:

Lali

Common Names in Chinese:

Fei Niau Fu, Ngau Tau Yue

Common Names in Cotabato Cha:

Rumpi

Common Names in Cotabato Chavacano:

Pandawan, Rumpi

Common Names in Creole, Fren:

Dorad, Dorade

Common Names in Creole, French:

Chapeau Gouverneur, Dorad, Dorade, Ti Klik

Common Names in Creole, Port:

Dourada, Dourado

Common Names in Creole, Portuguese:

Dourada, Dourado, Lobo

Common Names in Creoles and Pidgins,:

Chapeau Gouverneur, Dorad, Dorade, Dourada, Dourado, Lobo, Ti Klik

Common Names in Croatian:

Dugoplotica, Lampuga, Lampuh, Lanca, Lanča

Common Names in Danish:

Almindelig Guldmakrel, Guldmakrel

Common Names in Davawenyo:

Pandawan

Common Names in Dutch:

Dolfijn, Dolfijnvis, Goudmakreel

Common Names in English:

Common Dolphifish, Common Dolphin, Common Dolphin Fish, Common Dolphinfish, Dolphin, Dolphin Fish, Dolphinfish, Dorado, Green Dolphin, Hyaadoi Duet, Mahi Mahi, Mahi-Mahi, Mahimahi

Common Names in Fijian:

Mahimahi, Maimai

Common Names in Finnish:

Dolfiini

Common Names in French:

Clic, Coryphène Commune, Coryph�ne Commune, Dauphin, Dorade, Dorade Coryphène, Dorade Coryph�ne

Common Names in Fw�i:

Hyaadoi Duet

Common Names in Fwâi:

Hyaadoi Duet

Common Names in Gela:

Ili Koni

Common Names in German:

Gemeine Goldmakrele, Goldmakrele, Große Goldmakrele, Gro�e Goldmakrele, Mahi Mahi

Common Names in Gilbertese:

Te Takua

Common Names in Greek:

Κυνηγός, Λαγιάδα, Λαγός, Λαμπούγα, Μανάλι, Σύρτης, Dakaunomoutas, Κυνηγός, Λαγός, Λαγιάδα, Λαμπούγα, Μανάλι, Σύρτης, Kynigòs, Kynig�s, Kynygós, Kynyg�s

Common Names in Greek, Modern (1453):

Dakaunomoutas, Κυνηγός, Kynigñs, Kynigòs, Kynigos, Kynygós

Common Names in Gujarati:

Adadio, અડડયૉ, હલવા , હિમ્રા મચ્છી , Halwa, Himra Machhi

Common Names in Hausa:

Lali

Common Names in Hawaiian:

Mahi Mahi Lapa, Mahi Mahi Oma, Mahihi, Mahimahi

Common Names in Hebrew:

Raaman

Common Names in Hiligaynon:

Dorado, Durado

Common Names in Ilokano:

Dorado, Pandawan, Pantranco

Common Names in Italian:

Capone, Capuni, Catalusso, Cataluzo, Cataluzzo, Cavaglia, Corifena, Corifena Cavallina, Lambuga, Lampuca, Lampuga, Lecciutte, Liba, Papagal, Pappagallo, Pappahalle, Pauni, Paunissa, Pesce Pappagallo, Pisci Capuni, Pisciu Stranieru

Common Names in Japanese:

Shiira, Toohyaku

Common Names in Javanese:

Mladang

Common Names in Kagayanen:

Morado

Common Names in Kannada:

ತೊಂದೆ ರೊಟ್ಟ , Thondrotte

Common Names in Kiribati:

Te Takua

Common Names in Komoro:

Pandje, Pangué, Pangu�

Common Names in Korean:

Man-Sae-Gi

Common Names in Kosraean:

Sirami

Common Names in Kuyunon:

Dorado

Common Names in Mahl:

Fiyala

Common Names in Makassarese:

Kadapangan

Common Names in Malay:

Belitong, Golok, Ikan Lumadang, Ikan Lumba, Lemadang, Parang

Common Names in Malayalam:

Affunose, Avoli, അഫുനൊസി, അവോലി, ആവോലി, കരുവോലി, കരുവോലി , പടലന്, വെളളാവോലി, വെള്ളാവോലി, Karuvoli, Vellavoli

Common Names in Maltese:

Lampuka

Common Names in Mandarin Chi:

Fei Niau Fu, Qí Qiu

Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:

萬魚, 飛烏虎, 鬼頭刀, 鯕鰍, 鱰魚, 萬魚, 飛烏虎, 飞乌虎, 鬼頭刀, 鬼头刀, 鯕鰍, 鱰魚, 鱰鱼, 鲯鳅, Fei Niau Fu, Qí Qiu, Qí Qiū, Q� Qiu, 万鱼

Common Names in Maranao/Sama:

Lalih

Common Names in Maranao/Samal/Tao Su:

Lalih, Pandawin

Common Names in Marathi:

Abanoos, अबानूस, हळवा, हिमरा मासा, Halwa, Himra Masa

Common Names in Marshallese:

Koko

Common Names in Misima-Panea:

Kolabilabi

Common Names in Misima-Paneati:

Kolabilabi

Common Names in Niuean:

Tolofine

Common Names in Norwegian:

Gullmakrell

Common Names in Oriya:

Baal

Common Names in Other:

Arayo, Buli Dorado, Doray, Mahi Mahi

Common Names in Palauan:

Ersuuch

Common Names in Papiamento:

Cabishot, Dolphin, Dorado, Drader, Dradu

Common Names in Persian:

Galit-E-Maamooli

Common Names in Polish:

Koryfena

Common Names in Portuguese:

Dalfinho, Delfim, Doirado, Doirado-De-Topete, Doirado-Macho, Dourada, Dourado, Dourado Comum, Dourado-De-Alto-Mar, Dourado-Do-Mar, Graçapé, Gra�ap�, Grassapé, Grassap�, Guaraçapé, Guaraçapema, Guara�ap�, Guara�apema, Lobo, Macaco, Peixe T�bua, Peixe Tábua, Sapatorra, Sapé, Sap�

Common Names in Rapa:

Mahimahi

Common Names in Rumanian:

Corifena

Common Names in Samoan:

Masimasi

Common Names in Serbian:

Lampuga, Pucinka, Pucinka Skakavica

Common Names in Sinhalese:

Dhiya Vannava, Galvannava, Rad Hava, Radheva, Vannava

Common Names in Slovene:

Delfinka

Common Names in Slovenian:

Delfinka

Common Names in Somali:

Scubaan

Common Names in Spanish:

Corado, Dorado, Dorado Chato, Dorado Común, Dorado Com�n, Dorado Delfin, Dourade, Lampuga, Llampuga

Common Names in Surigaonon:

Marang, Tamarang

Common Names in Swahili:

Fulusi

Common Names in Swedish:

Guldmakrill

Common Names in Tagalog:

Dolpin, Dorado, Durado, Lamarang, Lumba-Lumba, Pandawan

Common Names in Tahitian:

Mahimahi

Common Names in Tamil:

Ailai, Avlis, கருவாவல், கொப்பரைகுல்லா, கொப்பறை குள, பதாலன், பாதாளன், வண்ணா, வன்னா, வாவல், வெள்ளை வாவல், Badahlan, Badahlen, Kal Vanna, Karuvaval, Koppurai-Kula, Vanna, Vavval, Vellaivaval

Common Names in Telugu:

చందువా, తెల్లచందువా, తెల్లచందువా , నెల్లచందువా, నెల్లచందువా , Chanduva, Nallachanduva, Thellachanduva

Common Names in Tongan:

Mahimahi

Common Names in Turkish:

Lambukya, Yaldizli Uskumruaz- mani Baligi, Yaldizli Uskumruaz- Mani Baligi, Yaldızlı Uskumruaz- Manı Balığı

Common Names in Tuvaluan:

Te Masimasi

Common Names in Vietnamese:

C� Duo, C� N?c Heo C?, C� Nucheo, Cá Duo, Cá N?c Heo C?, Cá Nục Heo Cờ, Cá Nucheo

Common Names in Waray-waray:

Dorado

Description

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Family Coryphaenidae

Distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Slender fishes with compressed head and body. The single dorsal fin originates on the head and extends over nearly the full length of the body. No spines; soft rays 48-65. No spines on anal fin. Deeply forked caudal fin . Forehead steep and high in adult males. Live specimens with exceedingly beautiful colors. Vertebrae 30-34. Attains 1.5 m maximum length . Dolphinfishes inhabit the surface waters where they feed upon small fishes and other animals.The family Coryphaenidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 1 genus and 2 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is thunniform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be very active . Etymology of this family name : Greek, koryphe = head, top

Physical Description

Species Coryphaena hippurus

Distinctive Features: The two species of dolphinfish are easily distinguishable. Both exhibit the same elongate , fusiform body shape . The single dorsal fin extends the length of the body. The anal fin begins approximately in the middle of the body and ends at the same point as the dorsal fin. The pelvic fins are located under the pectoral fins and can be compressed into a shallow groove on the body. The caudal fin is strongly forked . The head is blunt and the mouth contains many small teeth as well as a small and oval-shaped tooth patch on the tongue. Cycloid scales cover the body. Displaying sexual dimorphic growth, mature males develop a prominent bony ridge at the front of the head. The dolphinfish can be distinguished from the pompano dolphinfish by its body depth. Body depth of the dolphinfish is less than 25% of its standard length, while the pompano dolphinfish body depth is greater than 25%. The anal fin is concave and pectoral fins half the length of the head.

Dentition: A small and oval tooth patch covers half the tongue of the dolphinfish. This is distinguishable from the pompano dolphinfish that has a large square tooth patch covering most of the width of the tongue. The mouth is large, containing many fine teeth arranged in bands .

Males are commonly 100 cm (Total Length) in length when caught/marketed, but may be as large as 210 cm (Total Length).

Color:

Coloration of dolphinfish is quite dramatic with golden hues on the sides, irregular blotches of metallic blue and greens on the back and sides, and white and yellow on the underside. This fish is very colorful underwater, catching light and reflecting a wide range of brilliant colors. Freshly caught individuals change coloration very quickly, fading to a uniform silvery color. Small individuals and juveniles have well-defined alternating light and dark vertical bars on the sides of body that continue onto the dorsal and anal fins. Juvenile dolphinfish have white-tipped caudal fins and black pelvic fins while juvenile pompano dolphinfish have white-edged caudal fins and no pigment on the pelvic fins.

Size/Age/Growth

The dolphinfish is a large fish, known to reach a maximum of 6 feet (2 m ) in length, but more commonly to lengths of 3 feet (1 m). This fish commonly weighs 30 pounds (14 kg ) with a maximum of more than 65 pounds (30 kg). The record for Florida waters is 77 pounds, 12 ounces (35.2 kg) and the world record is 87 pounds (39.5 kg). Dolphinfish that school together range in size from 1-20 pounds (.5-9 kg) while larger individuals live alone or in pairs. Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months (3 months for captive fish) and spawning first occurs at lengths of approximately 8 inches (20 cm). Dolphinfish grow rapidly throughout their life, with a maximum life span of 4 years.

Habitat

Generally a pelagic fish, the dolphinfish is found offshore under floating objects. It is sometimes known to follow large ships and to hangout under large floating mats of sargassum. Dolphinfish are also found near the coast, ranging in depth from 0-279 feet (0-85 m ). Small dolphinfish travel together in schools ranging from just a few fish to over 50 individuals. The larger adult fish travel alone or in pairs.

May be found at depths of 0 to 85 meters. Usually found at depths of 5 to 10 meters.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,347 meters (0 to 7,700 feet).[6]

Biome: Brackish water, saltwater . Pelagic .

Biology

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Diet

Dolphinfish are generalists with prey varying according to season and size of the individual. They feed during the day on small oceanic fishes (flyingfish, man-o-war fish, sargassum fish and triggerfish), juveniles of large pelagic fish (tunas , billfishes , jacks , mackerels , and dolphin ), pelagic larvae of benthic fish (flying gunards, triggerfish, pufferfish, and grunts ), and invertebrates (cephalopods , crabs, and schyphozoans).

Many observations have been made on the feeding habits of dolphinfish. Dolphinfish are swift-moving, agile predators and are able to overcome most prey items. This fish often associates with Sargassum in the Florida Current and Gulf Stream , where they prey primarily upon the smaller fishes and invertebrates associated with these tide lines . They are not selective in their feeding habits, although diet changes with growth. Larvae and juveniles feed primarily upon crustaceans, especially copepods . Adults feed mostly upon bony fishes, with flying fish (Exocoetidae) constituting approximately 25% of the food by weight . Sargassum is frequently found in the stomachs, but this is probably an incidental intake associated with foraging in the sargassum communities. Dolphinfish feed primarily during the day, as they rely upon the vision (as well as their lateral line system) to detect prey. There is evidence that they may also feed at night when the moon provides ample light. Males are apparently more active feeders than females, evidenced by the larger amounts of food found in their stomachs. Males tend to be larger than females of the same age, and thus probably need more energy to support their metabolism . Dolphinfish often hunt in pairs or small packs .

Reproduction

The spawning season for dolphinfish is long, and multiple spawnings per year are common in both males and females. Dolphinfish spawn in pairs, rather than communally, with spawning occurring year-round in the tropics. Young dolphinfish have been found year round in the Florida Current , supporting this assumption. In the northern and southern extremes of the range , they apparently spawn only in the warmer months. Larvae are found in tropical waters worldwide. Young dolphins are found in the Florida Current year round, but peak abundance occurs in the summer. Larvae hatch at approximately 4 mm total length, and reach a length of 5.7 mm within four days. At 15 days, the larvae are approximately 15 mm long. Vague adult characteristics are visible at this size, and the eyes and mouth are fully developed. Juvenile dolphins are marked with a pattern of alternating dark and light bars at 10-20 mm in length. As the juveniles grow, these bars become more obscure , and are non-existent in many individuals.

Migration

Oceanodromous .

Behavior

Predators : In the Atlantic Ocean, albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) are predators of the dolphinfish. Dolphinfish are commonly observed with holes pierced through them by marlin bills. Blue marlin, black marlin (Makaira indica), yellowfin tuna and sailfish (Istiophorus platypturus) are common predators of the dolphinfish in the western Pacific Ocean. Other predators of the dolphinfish include swordfish (Xiphias gladius), sharks , and porpoises as well as seabirds.

Parasites: A dolphinfish caught off the coast of North Carolina contained three internal parasites: the isopod Livoneca ovalis, the nematode Contracaecum sp. , and an unidentified acanthocephalan. A copepod, Lernacenicus longiventris, was also found attached to dorsal fins of numerous individuals. Several hundred Dinurus tornatus, a helminth, were collected from the stomach of one dolphinfish with lesser numbers from other specimens. Other observations concluded that dolphinfish are commonly infested with protozoans , acanthocephalans, nematodes (roundworms), and cestodes (tapeworms ) as well as copepods and isopods.

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia () - Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
  - Subkingdom: Bilateria () - (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
    - Branch: Deuterostomia () - Grobben, 1908
      - Infrakingdom: Chordonia () - (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
        Phylum: Chordata () - Bateson, 1885 - Chordates
        Subphylum: Vertebrata () - Cuvier, 1812 - Vertebrates
        Infraphylum: Gnathostomata () - Auct. - Jawed Vertebrates
        Superclass: Osteichthyes () - Huxley, 1880 - Bony Fishes
        Class: Actinopterygii () - Huxley, 1880 - Ray-Finned Fishes
        Subclass: Actinopterygii () - Ray-Finned Fishes
        Infraclass: Actinopteri ()
        Cohort: Clupeocephala ()
        Superorder: Acanthopterygii ()
        Order: Perciformes () - �
        Suborder: Percoidei () - �
        Family: Coryphaenidae () - Dolphins
        Genus: Coryphaena () - Linnaeus, 1758
        Specific name: hippurus - Linnaeus, 1758
        Scientific name: - Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758

Unambiguous Synonyms

Corypaena hippurua Linnaeus, 1758
Coryphaena argyrurus Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena chrysurus Lacep�de, 1801
Coryphaena dolfyn Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena dorado Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena fasciolata Pallas, 1770
Coryphaena hipporus Linnaeus, 1758
Coryphaena hyppurus Linnaeus, 1758
Coryphaena immaculata Agassiz, 1831
Coryphaena imperialis Rafinesque, 1810
Coryphaena japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
Coryphaena margravii Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena nortoniana Lowe, 1839
Coryphaena scomberoides Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena suerii Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena virgata Valenciennes, 1833
Coryphaena vlamingii Valenciennes, 1833
Lampugus siculus Valenciennes, 1833
Lepimphis hippuroides Rafinesque, 1810
Scomber pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 16-Feb-1998

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Coryphaena

There are approximately 37 species in this genus:

C. acuta · C. apus · C. argyrurus · C. aurata · C. azorica · Branchiostegus japonicus · C. chrysurus · C. coerulea · C. dolfyn · C. dorado · C. equiselis (Pompano Dolphin Fish) · C. equiselis · C. equisetus · C. fasciolata · C. hipporus · C. hippuris · C. hippurus (Common Dolphin Fish) · C. hippurus equisetis · C. immaculata · C. imperialis · C. japonica · C. lineata · C. lippurus · Nemipterus japonicus · C. nigrescens · C. novacula · C. perciformis · C. plumieri · C. pompilus · C. psittacus · C. rupestris · C. sima · Branchiostegus argentatus · C. socialis · C. striata · C. velifera · C. virens

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
FishBase 2006.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 51 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, REVIZEE South Score / Pelagic and Demersal Fish Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2490790
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22215
Fishbase Species ID: 6
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14251043
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 168791
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 108029

Footnotes

Collette, B.B. (1995). Coryphaenidae. Dorados. p. 1036-1038. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, [back]
Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim (1995). Names and Illustrations of Fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. [back]
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann (1983). A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p. [back]
Randall, J.E. (1995). Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. [back]
Frimodt, C. (1995). Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. [back]
Mean = -218.120 meters (-715.617 feet), Standard Deviation = 925.080 based on 16,788 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Coryphaena hippurus

Overview

Common Names

Description

Family Coryphaenidae

Physical Description

Species Coryphaena hippurus

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Diet

Reproduction

Migration

Behavior

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Coryphaena

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes