Colaptes auratus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

The Northern flicker, also known as the redshafted flicker, yellow-shafted flicker, or gilded-shafted flicker, is a foot-long bird. You can see its white rump and its red markings under its wings and tail when it flies. It has a unique way, when disturbed , of bowing and swinging its body back and forth on an elevated perch.[1]

Flickers have a black crescent across the chest and many round black patches on their feathers . The male has a red “mustache;” the female a brown one. These birds often feed on the ground and hop awkwardly. In flight they are slow and erratic.[1]

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: arid lowland scrubs, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, gallery forests • Maximum Elevation: 3,500 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,793 meters (0 to 12,444 feet).[2]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.7     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Mostly insects, with some fruit. Ants comprise at least 50 percent of a flicker’s diet .

Reproduction

A clutch of five to 10 white eggs is laid in a tree excavation or a hole made in a pole or building (humans may consider them a nuisance when that occurs). Nests can be found from low elevations up to timberline. The clutch is relatively large.[1]

Nests from early April to late July in marginal habitats of woods , fields , and suburban areas.

Nest Type: Cavity Clutch Size: 3-10 Length of Incubation : 11-14? days Days to Fledge : 25-28 Number of Broods: 1, 2 in south

Migration

Most do not migrate

Behavior

Predators:

Flickers are prey for goshawks, Cooper’s hawks, and prairie falcons. [1]

You may hear a bird singing, “Wick, wick, wick,” or sounding a squeaky “Flicka, flicka.”

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 27-Dec-2005

Similar Species

Gilded Flicker

Members of the genus Colaptes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 30 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. atricollis (Black-Necked Woodpecker) · C. atricollis atricollis (Black-Necked Woodpecker) · C. auratus (Yellow-Shafted Woodpecker) · C. auratus auratus (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus borealis (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus brunnescens (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus cafer (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus chrysoides (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus collaris (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus luteus (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus mearnsi (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus nanus (Northern Flicker) · C. auratus rufipileus (Northern Flicker) · C. auricularis (Gray-Crowned Woodpecker) · C. cafer (Wallacean Cuckoo Shrike) · C. campestris (Campo Flicker) · C. campestris campestris (Campo Flicker) · C. campestroides (Field Flicker) · C. chrysoides (Gilded Flicker) · C. fernandinae (Cuban Flicker) · C. melanochloros (Green Barred Woodpecker) · C. melanochloros melanochloros (Green Barred Woodpecker) · C. pitius (Chilean Flicker) · C. pitius pitius (Chilean Flicker) · C. punctigula (Spot-Breasted Woodpecker) · C. punctigula punctigula (Spot-Breasted Woodpecker) · C. rivolii (Crimson-Mantled Woodpecker) · C. rubiginosus (Golden-Olive Woodpecker) · C. rupicola (Andean Flicker) · C. rupicola rupicola (Andean Flicker)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url , .
• A bird-lover in the West / by Olive Thorne Miller [pseud.] Boston; Houghton, Mifflin, 1900. url .
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 13.
• A comparison of the animal communities of coniferous and deciduous forests, Urbana, Ill., c1927 url p. 113.
• A concise handbook of British birds / H. Kirke Swann. London: J. Wheldon, 1896. url p. 209.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker. .. Charles S. Roy. .. and Robert W. Shufeldt. .. London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. url p. 258.
• A distributional list of the birds of Arizona / Hollywood, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1914. url , .
• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 63.
• A faunal investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario / [Toronto]: Royal Ontario Museum, 1942. url p. 132.
• A faunal investigation of western Rainy River District, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1938. url p. 191.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 102, p. 223.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting. .. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. url p. 511.
• A history of North American birds / by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Boston: Little, Brown, 1905. url p. 563, p. 575, p. 582, p. ii.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url , .
• A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url p. 331, p. 409.
• A list of European birds, including all those found in the western palaearctic area, with a supplement containing species said to have occurred, but which, for various reasons, are inadmissible. London, R.H. Porter, 1898. url p. 63.
• A list of the birds of Florida / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 15.
• A list of the birds of Maine, showing their distribution by counties and their status in each county. Prepared under the auspices of the United ornithologists of Maine by Ora W. Knight. .. Augusta, Kennebec journal print, 1897. url p. 166.
• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 314.
• A list of the birds of Maryland, giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds; also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded. By F.C. Kirkwood. .. Baltimore: [Maryland Academy of Sciences], 1895. url p. 314, p. 314, p. 376, p. 376.
• A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url , .
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. url p. 115.
• A list of the birds of eastern North America / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 26.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company, 1896. url p. 295, p. 86.
• A manual of North American birds. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1900. url , p. 295.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada / Boston: Little, Brown, 1921. url .
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of the United States and Canada: based on Nuttall's Manual / by Montague Chamberlain. Boston: Little, B., & Co., 1903. url p. 438.
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url , .
• A preliminary list of the birds found in Vermont / by George H. Perkins; assisted by Clifton D. Howe. Albany: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1901. url p. 105.
• A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio. Columbus, Westbote Co., State Printers, 1896. url p. 250, p. 251, p. 291.
• A sketch of the natural history (vertebrates) of the British Islands: With a concise bibliography of popular works relating to the British fauna, and a list of field clubs and natural history societies in the United Kingdom / by F. G. Aflalo. With illustrations. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Son, 1898. url p. 296.
• A survey of natural areas in Brunswick County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url , .
• American bird magazine, ornithology. Worcester, Mass.: C.K. Reed, 1903-1906. url p. 177, p. 219.
• American birds studied and photographed from life / by William Lovell Finley. Illustrated with photographs by Herman T. Bohlman and the author. New York: Scribner's sons, 1907. url p. 44.
• American birds, studied and photographed from life, by William Lovell Finley; illustrated from photographs by Herman T. Bohlman and the author. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1907. url p. 32.
• American ornithology, for home and school. [Worcester, Mass.: Charles K. Reed], 1901-[1906]. url p. 177, p. 219.
• An early pleistocene avifauna from Inglis, Florida / by Gail Elaine Speaker Carr. 1981. url , p. 124, p. 126, p. 4.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url .
• An ecological study of the relationships between forest types and the wildlife species found thereon a thesis / by Russell Taplin Norris. 1941. url .
• An ecological survey of Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Lansing, Mich., Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., State Printers, 1909. url .
• An illustrated manual of British birds, with 384 illustrations and 3 colored maps. London, Gurney, 1899. url p. 278.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 454.
• Animal forms; a second book of zoology, New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1902. url .
• Animal forms; a text-book of zoology, by David S. Jordan. .. and Harold Heath. New York: D. Appleton, 1907, c1902. url p. 221.
• Animal studies; a text-book of elementary zoology for use in high schools and colleges, New York, D. Appleton and company, 1903. url p. 228, p. 451.
• Animals; a text-book of zoology, by David S. Jordan. .. Vernon L. Kellogg. .. and Harold Heath. New York, D. Appleton, 1907, c1902. url p. 221.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url , p. 596.
• Annotated list of birds of Wellesley and vicinity; comprising the land-birds and most of the inland water-fowl of eastern Massachusetts; by Albert Pitts Morse. .. Wellesley, Mass., The author, 1897. url p. 25.
• Annotated list of the Avery bird collection in the Alabama museum of natural history (Geological survey museum) University, Ala., 1921. url .
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• Annual report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and Fungous Diseases. Quebec: The Society, 1909-1920. url p. 49.
• Appendices A-E: terrestrial resources injury assessment report: upper Clark Fork River NPL sites. Helena?, Mont.: Dept. of Justice?, 1995 url .
• Audubon the naturalist; a history of his life and time, by Francis Hobart Herrick. .. New YorkD. Appleton-Century Company, incorporated, 1938. url p. 483.
• Audubon, the naturalist; a history of his life and time, by Francis Hobart Herrick. New York, Appleton[c1917] url p. 477.
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• Beach grass, by Charles Wendell Townsend. Boston, Marshall Jones Co., 1923. url p. 310.
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• Biltmore lectures on sylviculture / by C. A. Schenck. Albany, N.Y.: Brandow Printing Co., 1907. url p. 14.
• Bird behaviour, psychical and physiological; by Frank Finn. With 44 illustrations on art paper. London, Hutchinson[1919] url p. 240.
• Bird blow flies (Protocalliphora) in North America (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with notes on the Palearctic species / Curtis W. Sabrosky, Gordon F. Bennett, and Terry L. Whitworth. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, c1989. url p. 233.
• Bird guide. from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Worcester: Reed, 1906. url p. 27.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. url p. 32, p. 32.
• Bird homes. The nests, eggs and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds, New York, Doubleday & McClure Co., 1900. url , .
• Bird homes: The nests, eggs and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1903. url , .
• Bird homes: the nests, eggs and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States, with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / New York: Doubleday & McClure, 1920, c1904. url , .
• Bird homes: the nests, eggs, and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905, c1904. url , .
• Bird neighbors an introductory acquaintance with one hundred and fifty birds commonly found in the gardens, meadows and woods about our homes / by Neltje Blanchan; with introduction by John Burroughs. Toronto: G. Morang, 1898. url .
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. Colaptes auratus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2009. Colaptes auratus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed October 06, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The New York Botanical Garden: Bronx River Bioblitz
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: DGR Birds Specimens
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 11517
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178156
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2498402
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178154
• IUCN ID: 201366
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNYF10020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13048

Footnotes

1. New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009. [back]
2. Mean = 2,023.480 meters (6,638.714 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,649.010 based on 19,958 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.