Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Swartsterretjie
Common Names in Dutch:
Zwarte Stern
Common Names in English:
American Black Tern, Black Tern, Sea Pigeon, Semipalmated Tern, Short-Tailed Tern, Surinam Term
Common Names in French:
Guifette Noire
Common Names in German:
Trauerseeschwalbe
Common Names in Hebrew:
מרומית שחורה
Common Names in Italian:
Mignattino
Common Names in Japanese:
ハシグロクロハラアジサシ
Common Names in Russian:
Chyornaya Krachka, Крачка черная, Черная крачка
Common Names in Spanish:
Charrn Negro, Charrán Negro, Fumarel Común
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Body: Size: small Wings: Shape : fairly short Tail: gray Length : fairly short Shape: shallowly forked.Adult Breeding Season : Head : Cap: dusky Color: black Ear Coverts: dusky Bill: black Neck: black Body: Belly: black Breast: black Mantle: dull slate Rump : dull slate Size: small Underparts: white Legs : Leg Color: blackish-purple Wings: Shape: fairly short Linings : pale gray Tail: dull slate Crissum: white Length: fairly short Shape: shallowly forked.Adult Summer: Head: black Bill: black Neck: black Body: Underparts: black Wings: Shape: broad Tail: dark gray Length: short Shape: notched.Adult Winter: Head: Cap: dusky Color: white Ear Coverts: dusky Bill: black Body: Breast: gray smudge on sides Mantle: dull slate Rump: dull slate Size: small Underparts: white Legs: Leg Color: blackish-purple Wings: Shape: fairly short Linings: pale gray Tail: dull slate Length: fairly short Shape: shallowly forked.Immature: Head: Cap: dark dusky Color: white Ear Coverts: dusky Bill: black Body: Breast: gray smudge on sides Mantle: dull slate Rump: dull slate Size: small Underparts: white Legs: Leg Color: blackish-purple Wings: Shape: fairly short Linings: pale gray Tail: dull slate Length: fairly short Shape: shallowly forked.
Size/Age/Growth
About 9 to 10 inches long, with a wingspan of 20 to 24 inches. Adults weigh about 2.3 ounces .
Habitat
Vegetation: freshwater marshes, saltwater and brackish marshes, freshwater lakes and ponds, freshwater marshes, coastal waters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Medium
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:14.1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
14.2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
Biology
Diet
Primarily: Insects
Lesser Quantities of: Aquatic
Invertebrates
Fish
Reproduction
- Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
- Clutch Size: 3
- Length of Incubation : 21-22 days
- Days to Fledge : 21-28
- Number of Broods: 1, occasionally 2 in South
Migration
Migratory
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Chordates
- Class:
Aves
()
- Birds
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
()
- Albatrosses, Alcids
- Subfamily:
Larinae
()
- Tribe:
Sternini
()
- Genus:
Chlidonias
()
- Rafinesque 1822 KentuckyGazette(n.s.) 1 p.3 col.5
- Specific name:
niger
- (Linnaeus) 1758 Syst.Nat.ed.10p.137
- Scientific name: - Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) 1758
- Specific name:
niger
- (Linnaeus) 1758 Syst.Nat.ed.10p.137
- Genus:
Chlidonias
(
- Tribe:
Sternini
(
- Subfamily:
Larinae
(
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Chilidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Chilidonias niger surinamensis (Gmelin, 1789)
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001
Similar Species
White-Winged Tern
Members of the genus Chlidonias
There are approximately 25 species in this genus:
C. albostriatus (Black-Fronted Tern) · C. hibridus · C. hybrida (Whiskered Tern) · C. hybrida delalandii · C. hybrida hybrida (Whiskered Tern) · C. hybrida indica · C. hybrida javanica · C. hybrida javanicus · C. hybrida sclateri · C. hybrida swinhoei · C. hybridus (Whiskered Tern) · C. hybridus fluviatilis · C. hybridus hybridus (Whiskered Tern) · C. hybridus indicus · C. hybridus javanicus · C. hybridus swinhoei · C. leucoptera (White-Winged Black Tern) · C. leucopterus (White-Winged Black Tern) · C. niger (American Black Tern) · C. niger niger (American Black Tern) · C. niger ssp · C. niger surinamensis · C. nigra (Black Tern) · C. nigra nigra (Black Tern) · C. nigra surinamensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 11.
- Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
- An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. ENG url p. 4.
- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 644.
- Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
- BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
- BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
- Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson & Charles Ely. Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- ENG url p. 306, p. 397.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 653.
- Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 44.
- Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 532.
- Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 52.
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 227.
- Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 268.
- Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 27, p. 28.
- Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 525.
- Postilla. New Haven, Peabody Museum of Natural History, 1950-2004. ENG url p. 18.
- Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
- Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 448, p. 482, p. 78.
- Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. ENG url p. 109.
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary final environmental impact statement/management plan / Sanctuaries and Reserves Division. Washington, D.C.: The Division, [1993] ENG url p. 32.
- The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 347, p. 42, p. 519, p. 519, p. 602, p. 69, p. 732.
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 26, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 25 providers.
- Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:
- Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
- New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
- Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851339
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176959
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13779395
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176959
- IUCN ID: 49277
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNNM10020
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13015
