Chimaera monstrosa

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes ; Bathydemersal to benthopelagic generally between 300 and 500 m depth. Found in the upper continental slope . Usually found in deeper waters in southern latitudes , while making a summer inshore migration up to 40-100 m in the northern areas. Sluggish, usually occurring in small groups. Feeds mainly on bottom-living invertebrates . The single dorsal spine is sharp and pointed , and although only mildly venomous can inflict a painful wound. Oviparous . Males have a clasper on the forehead that is probably used to hold on to the female during copulation . Egg capsules are about 17 cm long; young look alike adults and hatch when 10 cm long. Common by-catch when trawling for shrimps in the North Sea or Skaggerak.

Near Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

May be found at depths of 40 to 1000 meters. Usually found at depths of 300 to 500 meters.

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,321 meters (0 to -14,177 feet).[1]

Ecology: Chimaera monstrosa is a benthopelagic species that prefers upper to middle continental slope habitats at depths of 300 m to 500 m with a reported maximum depth of 1,663 m. Detailed bathymetrical distribution follows:

Depth distribution according to (Whitehead et al. 1984) is 50 m to 1,000 m and most abundant between 300 and 500 m. Ehrich (1983) however reports that this species is caught at depths of 173 m to 1,663 m to the west of the British Isles. Highest densities were found between 500 m and 700 m. Hareide et al. (1997) reports collection of this species between 630 m and 825 m from the western slope of the Porcupine Bank. No specimens were found between 825 m and 1,400 m. In the Mediterranean Sea this species is abundant in all areas, from 100 m depth, but it is most abundant between 500 m and 800 m (Baino et al. 2001, MEDITS Program). Sion et al. (2004) have also reported several specimens from Balearic Sea at depths of 650 m and from Eastern Ionian Sea at depth of 800 m.

Information from Norwegian exploratory surveys to Hatton Bank (1998-2000) shows a depth distribution of 590 m to 1,230 m in temperatures between 4.7 and 8°C. Additional information on distribution by depth and area, length distributions and CPUE data can be found from Irish and Norwegian trawl and longline survey data to the west of the British Isles and Hatton Bank. Summer inshore migrations to 40-100 m have been observed in some areas.

Provisional and unvalidated, age and growth characteristics determined by Calis et al. (2005), suggest that C. monstrosa is a typical "K-selected" species characterized by a slow growth rate, a long life expectancy, low fecundity , and a high age-at-maturity. In this study, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L? = 78.87 (cm), K = 0.0673 per year and t0 = -0.513 (yr). The maximum age estimates observed were 30 years for male and 26 years for female Chimaera monstrosa. However, these ages probably underestimate the true maximum age of this species, owing to the limited sample size examined. Estimated age at first maturity was 13.4 years for males and 11.2 years for females.

Oviparous with an apparent spawning season in spring and summer. Nothing is known of early development. Diet consists mainly of bottom-dwelling invertebrates .[2].

List of Habitats:

•     10     Marine Oceanic   
  
•     10.1     Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)   
  
•     10.2     Marine Oceanic - Mesopelagic (200-1000m)   
  
•     11     Marine Deep Benthic   
  
•     11.1     Marine Deep Benthic - Continental Slope/Bathyl Zone (200-4,000m)   
[more info]

Biology

Migration

Oceanodromous .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Chimaera arctica Gistel • Chimaera argentea Ascanius • Chimaera borealis Shaw • Chimaera cristata Faber • Chimaera dubia Osório • Chimaera mediterranea Risso

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 15-Apr-1994

Chimaera monstrosa is a long established and well-recognized species. Reports of this species from other parts of the world (e.g. , South Africa) are misidentifications . A long history of study indicates this species is restricted to the northeast Atlantic, northern part of the Eastern Central Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea , and the occurrence of populations of C. monstrosa outside this range is highly unlikely.[2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Chimaera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 22 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. affinis (Smalleyed Rabbitfish) · C. africana (African Chimaera) · C. argiloba (Whitefin Chimaera) · C. bahamaensis (Bahamas Ghost Shark) · C. barbouri (Ninespot Chimaera) · C. callorynchus (Elephant Fish) · C. colliei (Spotted Rattfish) · C. cubana (Conejo De Lo Alto) · C. deani (Philippine Chimaera) · C. fulva (Southern Chimaera) · C. jordani (Jordans Chimaera) · C. lignaria (Carpenter's Chimaera) · C. macrospina (Longspine Chimaera) · C. mirabilis (Large-Eyed Rabbitfish) · C. mitsukurii (Dark Ghost Shark) · C. monstrosa (Rabbit Fish(Rat-Tail) · C. notafricana (Cape Chimaera) · C. obscura (Shortspine Chimaera) · C. ogilbyi (Ogilbys Ghostshark) · C. owstoni (Owstons Chimaera) · C. panthera (Leopard Chimaera) · C. phantasma (Silver Chimaera)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Zoology: an elementary text-book. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1920. url , , .
• Zoölogical bulletin. Boston, Ginn & Co. url p. 25.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• Dagit,D.D., Hareide, N. & Clò, S. 2007. Chimaera monstrosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• FishBase, FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Ifremer BIOCEAN database
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies - Trawl Surveys
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, SeamountsOnline
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, iziko South African Museum - Fish Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, iziko South African Museum - Shark Collection
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Ichtyologie
• OZCAM
• Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Senckenberg, Collection Pisces
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Fishes
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Fishes of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Zoology

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 123747
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-29808
• Fishbase Species ID: 2503
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14339412
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161022
• IUCN ID: 199783
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 106837

Footnotes

1. Mean = -759.140 meters (-2,490.617 feet), Standard Deviation = 709.200 based on 373 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Dagit,D.D., Hareide, N. & Clò, S. 2007. Chimaera monstrosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.