Carpodacus purpureus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: gallery forests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests • Maximum Elevation: 2,500 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.4 Forest - Temperate

Biology

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Flowers Fruit Seeds. Lesser Quantities of: Insects

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 13 days
• Days to Fledge : 14
• Number of Broods: 1 in east, 2 in west

Migration

Northern birds migrate

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Cassin's Finch, House Finch

Members of the genus Carpodacus

There are approximately 82 species in this genus:

C. amplus · C. californicus · C. casinii · C. cassini · C. cassinii (Cassin's Purple Finch) · C. crassirostris · C. dubius · C. edwardsi · C. edwardsii (Dark-Rumped Rosefinch) · C. edwardsii edwardsii (Dark-Rumped Rosefinch) · C. edwardsii rubicunda · C. eos (Stresemann's Rosefinch) · C. erithrinus · C. erythrinus (Scarlet Rosefinch) · C. erythrinus erythrinus (Scarlet Rosefinch) · C. erythrinus ferghanensis · C. erythrinus grebnitskii · C. erythrinus kubanensis · C. erythrinus roseatus · C. frontalis · C. grandis · C. haemorrhous · C. mcgregori · C. mexicanus (Mcgregor's House Finch) · C. mexicanus amplus · C. mexicanus centralis · C. mexicanus clementis (House Finch) · C. mexicanus coccineus · C. mexicanus frontalis (House Finch) · C. mexicanus griscomi · C. mexicanus mcgregori · C. mexicanus mexicanus (Mcgregor's House Finch) · C. mexicanus potosinus (House Finch) · C. mexicanus roseipectus · C. mexicanus ruberrimus (House Finch) · C. mongolicus · C. nipalensis (Dark-Breasted Rosefinch) · C. nipalensis kangrae · C. nipalensis nipalensis (Dark-Breasted Rosefinch) · C. pulcherrimus (Beautiful Rosefinch) · C. pulcherrimus argyrophrys · C. pulcherrimus pulcherrimus (Beautiful Rosefinch) · C. puniceus (Rose-Breasted Rosefinch) · C. puniceus puniceus (Rose-Breasted Rosefinch) · C. pupureus · C. purpureus (California Purple Finch) · C. purpureus californicus (Purple Finch) · C. purpureus nesophilus · C. purpureus purpureus (California Purple Finch) · C. rhodochlamys (Red-Mantled Rosefinch) · C. rhodochlamys grandis · C. rhodochlamys rhodochlamys (Red-Mantled Rosefinch) · C. rhodochrous (Pink-Browed Rosefinch) · C. rhodocolpus · C. rhodopeplus (Spot-Winged Rosefinch) · C. roborowskii (Tibetan Rosefinch) · C. rodochroa (Pink-Browed Rosefinch) · C. rodochrous (Pink-Browed Rosefinch) · C. rodopeplus (Spot-Winged Rosefinch) · C. rodopeplus rodopeplus (Spot-Winged Rosefinch) · C. rodopeplus verreauxii · C. roseus (Pallas's Rosefinch) · C. rubescens (Blanford's Rosefinch) · C. rubicilla (Caucasian Great Rosefinch) · C. rubicilla rubicilla (Caucasian Great Rosefinch) · C. rubicilla severtzovi · C. rubicilloides (Eastern Great Rosefinch) · C. rubicilloides lucifer · C. sanguinolentus · C. severtzovi · C. synoicus (Sinai Rosefinch) · C. synoicus synoicus · C. thura (White-Browed Rosefinch) · C. thura blythi · C. thura dubius · C. thura femininus · C. thura thura (White-Browed Rosefinch) · C. trifasciatus (Three-Banded Rosefinch) · C. vinaceus (Vinaceous Rosefinch) · C. vinaceus formosana · C. vinaceus formosanus · C. vinaceus vinaceus (Vinaceous Rosefinch)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 267, p. 34.
• A catalogue of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams, both native and introduced, found within about thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., including a few cultivated species, to which is appended a list of vertebrate animals of the same region. By Henry Je [Hanover?]Printed for the Author, 1891. ENG url p. 72.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 47.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 19.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 181, p. 353.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 459, p. 460, p. 462, p. 465.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 329.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 134, p. 208.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 389.
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada, by Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, 1903. ENG url p. 372, p. 418.
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of eastern North America. By Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, and Company, 1896. ENG url p. 372.
• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 140, p. 141, p. 153.
• Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia]Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 15, p. 16, p. 22, p. 3, p. 41.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 494, p. 569.
• Annual report / Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, The Society. ENG url p. 25, p. 91.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 123, p. 349, p. 411, p. 420, p. 437, p. 594, p. 712, p. 93.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 335, p. 447, p. 60.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 221.
• Atlas of avian hematology / Alfred M. Lucas, Casimir Jamroz. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1961. ENG url p. 248.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. ENG url p. 75.
• Bird notes. Brighton: Foreign Bird Club: 1902-1925. ENG url p. 195.
• Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York: Appleton, 1900. ENG url p. 190.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 24, p. 25.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds / by Mabel Osgood Wright. ..; with eighty full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. New York: Macmillan Co., c1897. ENG url p. 134, p. 315.
• Birds and nature in natural colors: being a scientific and popular treatise on four hundred birds of the United States and Canada. Chicago: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1913-1914. ENG url p. 394.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam Washington, D. C., 1898. ENG url p. 198.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 163, p. 275.
• Birds of the Boston Public garden, a study in migration, by Horace Winslow Wright; with an introduction by Bradford Torrey and illustrations. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin co., 1909. ENG url p. 232, p. 99.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. ENG url p. 727.
• Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. ENG url p. 106.
• Birds of the Pacific coast, including a brief account of the distribution and habitat of one hundred and eighteen birds that are more or less common to the Pacific coast states and British Columbia, many of which are found east by Willard Ayres Eliot; wi New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1923. ENG url p. 192, p. 88.
• Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. ENG url p. 332.
• Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush, by Austin C. Apgar. New York, American book company[c1898] ENG url p. 399.
• Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners, by Florence A. Merriam. Illustrated. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898. ENG url p. 148, p. 400.
• Birds. With the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. ENG url p. 412, p. 413, p. 414.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 23.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 127, p. 128, p. 129, p. 130, p. 131, p. 140, p. 144, p. 1708, p. 1813, p. 1853, p. 1862, p. 21, p. 236, p. 263, p. 264, p. 278, p. 30, p. 304, p. 58, p. 75.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 191.
• Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. ENG url p. 21, p. 24.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 176, p. 241.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 16, p. 202, p. 89.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1878-[1918]. ENG url p. 331, p. 394, p. 394.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 116, p. 156, p. 162, p. 167, p. 176, p. 202, p. 229, p. 237, p. 397, p. 423, p. 590, p. 650.
• Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] ENG url p. 116, p. 143, p. 214, p. 32, p. 35, p. 37, p. 7, p. 9.
• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- ENG url p. 140.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 16, p. 48, p. 65, p. 79, p. 87.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1938. ENG url p. 152.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 120, p. 847.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 387, p. 409, p. 411, p. 830.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 221.
• Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. London, Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis]1909-16. ENG url p. 74.
• Check-list and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1959] ENG url p. 170.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 485.
• Check-list of North American birds: according to the canons of nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union. [s.l.]: The Union, 1889. ENG url p. 46.
• Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1903. ENG url p. 277.
• Das Leben der europchen Kuckucke: nebst Beitrn zur Lebenskunde der n parasitischen Kuckucke und Stinge / von A.C. Eduard Baldamus. Berlin: Verlag von Paul Parey, 1892. GER url p. 186.
• Des hybrides à l'état sauvage. Règne animal. 1. volume. (Classe des oiseaux) par André Suchetet Lille, Impr. Le Bigot frères, 1896. FRE url p. 768, p. 998.
• Des hybrides 't sauvage. Re animal. 1. volume. (Classe des oiseaux) par Andruchetet Lille, Impr. Le Bigot frs, 1896. FRE url p. 182, p. 998.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• Elements of zoölogy: a textbook / by Sanborn Tenney; illustrated by 750 wood engravings. New York: Scribner, c1875. ENG url p. 160.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 41.
• Fauna arctica: eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 / Unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen h Jena: G. Fischer, 19 GER url p. 245.
• Fauna of New England, 11: list of the aves / by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. ENG url p. 145, p. 7.
• Fauna of New England. List of the Araneida. Boston, For Society, 1908. ENG url p. 7.
• Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 27.
• First report of the state zoist: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota / by P.L. Hatch, Henry F. Nachtrieb, state zoist. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota: 1892. ENG url p. 453.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 89.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 199.
• Half hours with insects. By A.S. Packard, Jr. Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1881. ENG url p. 177.
• Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley, by Florence Merriam Bailey, with thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1904. ENG url p. 310.
• History of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Illustrating 529 birds. Topeka, Kan., G. W. Crane, 1891. ENG url p. 416, p. 685.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. ENG url p. 174, p. 235, p. 6, p. 70.
• Island life; or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates, by Alfred Russel Wallace. London, Macmillan, 1880. ENG url p. 551.
• Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. ENG url p. 119, p. 56.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] ENG url p. 71.
• Katalog der Eiersammlung, nebst Beschreibungeh der aussereuropchen Eier. Berlin, R. Friedler and Sohn, 1910. GER url p. 310.
• Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1890. ENG url p. 872.
• Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen Boston, Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850. ENG url p. 384.
• Les oiseaux de la province le Quebec, par C.-E. Dionne. Quebec, Dussault and Proulx, 1906. FRE url p. 292, p. 407.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 249, p. 254, p. 336.
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. ENG url p. 468, p. 798.
• Mires de la Soci zoologique de France. Paris: Au Siege de la Soci, 1888- FRE url p. 256.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 59, p. 6.
• Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa's: Organ der Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft. Stuttgart. url p. 65.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann and Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 286.
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1904. ENG url p. 245.
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. ENG url p. 640, p. 645, p. 646.
• Ornithologist and oist. Pawtucket, R.I. ENG url p. 88.
• Ornithology and oy of New England: containing full descriptions of the birds of New England, and adjoining states and provinces by Edward A. Samuels. Boston, Nichols and Noyes, 1867. ENG url p. 285, p. 371, p. 581.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 497.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 107, p. 50, p. 73.
• Pocket guide to the common land birds of New England / by M.A. Willcox. Boston: Lee and Shepard, [c1895] ENG url p. 155.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] ENG url p. 96.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 139, p. 214, p. 350, p. 488, p. 63, p. 73, p. 816, p. 83.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 122, p. 234.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 114, p. 126, p. 236, p. 412, p. 7.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 315, p. 499, p. 765, p. 81.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 154, p. 362.
• Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Lincoln, [1900-15] ENG url p. 56.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 234, p. 413, p. 435, p. 493, p. 566, p. 599, p. 608, p. 620, p. 64.
• Report of the State Zo©logist. Minneapolis. ENG url p. 453.
• Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, in charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler [...] under the direction of the chief of engineers, U.S. Army. Published by authority of [...] the secretary of war in accordanc Washington: Govt. print. off., 1875-89. ENG url p. 231.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
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• Teachers' manual of bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1899. ENG url p. 190.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 14, p. 164, p. 179.
• The Canadian naturalist and geologist. Montreal, Dawson. ENG url p. 305.
• The Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society. Bangor: Maine Ornithological Society, 1899-1911. ENG url p. 11, p. 17, p. 30.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 422.
• The Oist. Rockville, Conn.J.M. Wade. ENG url p. 25.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. ENG url p. 145, p. 172, p. 199, p. 232, p. 31.
• The Quarterly journal of the Boston Zoological Society. Boston: The Society, 1881- ENG url p. 10, p. 32, p. 52, p. 55, p. 57.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. ENG url p. 382.
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• The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Chicago, 1909. ENG url p. 200, p. 200, p. 208, p. 208, p. 210, p. 210, p. 214, p. 214, p. 569, p. 752, p. 752.
• The birds of Ohio; a complete scientific and popular description of the 320 species of birds found in the state. With introd. and analytical keys by Lynds Jones; illustrated with photos. taken by the author and others. Columbus, Wheaton Pub. Co., 1903. ENG url p. 38, p. 655.
• The birds of eastern North America known to occur east of the nineteenth meridian by Charles B. Cory Chicago, Printed for the Field Columbian Museum [by A. Mudge], 1899. ENG url p. 240, p. 369.
• The birds of eastern North America: known to occur east of the ninetieth meridian / by Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1899. ENG url p. 369.
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• The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. ENG url p. 256.
• The naturalist of the Saint Croix. Memoir of George A. Boardman. A selection from his correspondence and published writings, notices of friends and contemporaries, with his list of the birds of Maine and New Brunswick. By Samuel Lane Boardman... Bangor, Priv. print., 1903. ENG url p. 303.
• The naturalist's guide in collecting and preserving objects of natural history: with a complete catalogue of the birds of the eastern Massachusetts / by C.J. Maynard; with illustrations by E.L. Weeks. Boston: Osgood, 1873, c1870. ENG url p. 109, p. 162.
• The oist. Albion, N.Y.: Frank H. Lattin, 1886-1941. ENG url p. 100.
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• The ornithology of Illinois. Part I. Descriptive catalogue. By Robert Ridgway. Part II. Economic ornithology. By S. A. Forbes. Pub. by the authority of the state Legislature. Springfield, Ill., H. W. Rokker, printer, 1889-95. ENG url p. 225, p. 32.
• The sport of bird-study / by Herbert Keightley Job; profusely illustrated with photographs from life by the author. New York: Macmillan, 1922, c1908. ENG url p. 303.
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• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- ENG url p. 162, p. 25.
• Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature. Baltimore: The Academy, 1837. ENG url p. 326, p. 374.
• Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. [San Diego]: The Society, 1905- ENG url p. 297.
• Transactions of the Scientific Association, Meriden, Conn. [Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Association], 1885. ENG url p. 44.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 163, p. 189, p. 298, p. 349.
• Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern. M: E. Reinhardt, 1904-1989. GER url p. 222.
• Western birds, by Harriet Williams Myers. New York, The Macmillan company, 1922. ENG url p. 151.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 488, p. 49, p. 715, p. 97.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 10, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 10, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: MSB Birds Specimens
• University of Alberta: University of Alberta Ornithology Collection
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850121
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179189
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13750190
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179186
• IUCN ID: 53465
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBY04020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13653

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