Cantherhines pardalis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Filefishes ; Occurs on outer reef slopes to depths of 2 to more than 20 m [1]. Solitary. Feeds on benthic organisms [2]. Somewhat secretive[3].

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Monacanthidae

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Usually two dorsal spines; the second is usually much smaller and it may be absent. Upper jaw usually with three teeth in outer and two in the inner series on each premaxillary , developed for nibbling; 19-31 vertebrae . Alutera scripta reaches 1 m maximum length . Most species feed on a wide variety of benthic invertebrates , but some specialize on corals or zooplankton . Filefishes lay demersal eggs in a site prepared and guarded by the male or both parents. Some of the subtropical species release eggs in open water .The family Monacanthidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Tetraodontiformes. It contains 31 genera and 95 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Some members of this family are used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are mixed. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is balistiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Pliocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Greek, monos = only + Greek, akantha = thorn

Physical Description

Habitat

May be found at depths of 2 to 20 meters.

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,530 meters (0 to -14,862 feet).[4]

Biome: Saltwater . Reef-associated .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Amanses microlepidotus Gray, 1859
2. Cantherhines pardalis /i> (Rüppell, 1837)
3. Cantherines pardalis /i> (Rüppell, 1837)
4. Cantherines pardalis /i> (R�ppell, 1837)
5. Hanomanctus bovinus Smith, 1949
6. Monacanthus aspersus Hollard, 1854
7. Monacanthus brunneus Castelnau, 1873
8. Monacanthus fatensis Seale, 1906
9. Monacanthus fuliginosus Macleay, 1883
10. Monacanthus houttuyni Bleeker, 1853
11. Monacanthus kibikib Montrouzier, 1857
12. Monacanthus laevicaudatus Duncker & Mohr, 1929
13. Monacanthus melanistius Regan, 1908
14. Monacanthus melanuropterus Bleeker, 1852
15. Monacanthus natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911
16. Monacanthus pardalis R�ppell, 1837

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cantherhines

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. carolae · C. dumerili · C. dumerilii (Yelloweye Leatherjacket) · C. fronticinctus (Specktacled Filefish) · C. longicaudus · C. macrocerus (American Whitespotted Filefish) · C. melanoides · C. multilineatus · C. pardalis (Honeycomb Leatherjacket) · C. pullus (Orange-Spotted Filefish) · C. rapanui · C. sandwichensis · C. sandwichiensis (Brown Leatherjacket) · C. tiki · C. trachylepis (Yellowfinned Leatherjacket) · C. verecundus

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene (1988). Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p.
• Allen, G.R. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz (1994). Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p.
• Die Fische der S�dsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908-1909, Teil 3. - Mitt. zool. St. lnst. Hamb. 44: 57-84, Hamburg.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
• Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga (1990). Fichas FAO de identifica�ao de esp�cies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das esp�cies comerciais marinhas e de �guas salob
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 394.
• Francis, M. P. (1993). Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170.
• Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. and P.J. Kailola (1984). Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Fe
• Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu�ro (1990). Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO,
• Huang, Z. (2001). Marine species and their distribution in China's Seas. pp. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p.
• Hutchins, J.B. (1984). Monacanthidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pag. var.
• Hutchins, J.B. (1986). Monacanthidae. p. 882-887. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Kailola, P.J. (1991). The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to Molidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. 153 p.
• Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton (1994). Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2):1-43.
• Lieske, E. and R. Myers (1994). Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
• Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino (1984). The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1 (text). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text), 370 pls.
• McCormack, G. (2000). Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase.
• Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.
• Ni, I-H and K-Y Kwok (1999). Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.
• Randall, J.E. (1995). Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
• Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson (1993). Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. 59:47.
• Randall, J.E. and Y.H. Sinoto (1978). Rapan fish names. B.P. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 24(15:294-306.
• Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene (1990). Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
• Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle (1997). Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74.
• Shen, S.C. (ed.) (1993). Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
• Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers (1996). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p.
• Tettelbach, S., J. Carroll and H. Reisman (2003). Fishes of Vanuatu. Report of the Tropical Marine Biology group, Southampton College of Long Island University, Southampton, New York.
• Tinker, S.W. (1978). Fishes of Hawaii, a handbook of the marine fishes of Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean. Hawaiian Service Inc., Honolulu. 568 p.
• Wass, R. C. (1984). An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781).
• White, A. (1987). Philippine coral reefs. A natural history guide. New Day Publishers, Philippines. 223 p.
• Winterbottom, R. and R.C. Anderson (1997). A revised checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. Smith. Inst. (66):1-28.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
• FishBase
• Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
• Hutchins, Barry (from FishBase).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Fish Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Northern Barrier Marine Life (OBIS Australia)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Fish Collection
• National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2489235
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-26231
• Fishbase Species ID: 6635
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173162
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 105743

Footnotes

1. Myers, R.F. (1991). Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. [back]
2. Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers (1996). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. [back]
3. Lieske, E. and R. Myers (1994). Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. [back]
4. Mean = -813.990 meters (-2,670.571 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,159.790 based on 125 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Curator for this page: Barry Hutchins. Date last reviewed: 12/30/1899

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