Canis simensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial

Ecology: A very localized endemic species, confined to isolated pockets of Afroalpine grasslands and heathlands where they prey on Afroalpine rodents. Suitable habitats extend from above the tree-line at about 3,200 m up to 4,500 m, with some wolves present in montane grasslands at 3,000 m. However, subsistence agriculture extends up to 3,500–3,800 m in many areas, restricting wolves to higher ranges (Marino 2003). Rainfall at high altitude varies between 1,000 and 2,000 mm/year, with one pronounced dry period from December to February/March.

Wolves utilize all Afroalpine habitats, but prefer open areas with short herbaceous and grassland communities where rodents are most abundant, along flat or gently sloping areas with deep soils and poor drainage in parts. Prime habitats in the Bale Mountains are characterized by short herbs (Alchemilla spp. ) and grasses and low vegetation cover , a community maintained in continuous succession as a result of molerat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) burrowing activity. Other good habitats include tussock grasslands (Festuca spp., Agrostis spp.), high-altitude scrubs dominated by Helichrysum spp. and short grasslands in shallow soils. In northern parts of the range, plant communities characterized by a matrix of ‘guassa’ tussock grasses (Festuca spp.), ‘cherenfi’ bushes (Euryops pinifolius) and giant lobelias (Lobelia rhynchopetalum) sustain high rodent abundance and are preferred by wolves. Ericaceous moorlands (Erica and Phillipia spp.) at 3,200–3,600 m are of marginal value, with open moorlands having patches of herbs and grasses which are relatively good habitat.[1]


List of Habitats:3.7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude 4.7Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude 5.11Wetlands (inland) - Alpine Wetlands (includes temporary waters from snowmelt) 6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs , mountain peaks)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 28-Oct-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Canis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 174 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. adustus (Side-Striped Jackal) · C. adustus adustus (Side-Striped Jackal) · C. adustus bweha · C. africanus · C. alpinus · C. ameghinoi · C. anthus · C. anthus soudanicus · C. apolloniensis · C. armbrusteri · C. arnensis · C. aureus (Asiatic Jackal) · C. aureus algirensis · C. aureus anthus · C. aureus aureus (Golden Jackal) · C. aureus bea · C. aureus indicus · C. aureus indinus · C. aureus lanka · C. aureus lupaster · C. aureus naria · C. aureus riparius · C. aureus soudanicus · C. aureus syriacus · C. avus · C. brachyurus · C. brevirostris · C. cedazoensis · C. cf · C. chama · C. chanco · C. cinereo argenteus · C. cipio · C. corsac · C. crocuta · C. culpaeus · C. davisi · C. dingo · C. dirus · C. dukhunensis · C. edwardii · C. entrerianus · C. etruscus · C. falconeri · C. familaris · C. familiaris · C. familiaris dingo · C. familiaris halstromi · C. familiaris matris-optimae · C. ferox · C. gezi · C. gracilis · C. himalaicus · C. hodophilax · C. hyaena · C. indicus · C. irvingtonensis · C. kokree · C. kuruksaensis · C. lagopus spitzbergenensis · C. lateralis · C. latran · C. latrans (American Jackal) · C. latrans cagottis · C. latrans clepticus (Coyote) · C. latrans dickeyi · C. latrans frustor · C. latrans frustror · C. latrans goldmani · C. latrans hondurensis · C. latrans impavidus · C. latrans incolatus · C. latrans jamesi · C. latrans latrans (Coyote) · C. latrans lestas · C. latrans lestes · C. latrans mearnsi · C. latrans microdon · C. latrans ochropus · C. latrans orcutti · C. latrans peninsulae · C. latrans texensis · C. latrans thamnos · C. latrans umpquensis · C. latrans vigilis · C. latrans x · C. lepophagus · C. lupaster · C. lupes · C. lupis · C. lupis baileyi (Mexican Wolf) · C. lupus (Domestic Dog (Feral)) · C. lupus alces · C. lupus arabs · C. lupus arctos (Arctic Wolf) · C. lupus bailey · C. lupus baileyi (Mexican Gray Wolf) · C. lupus beothucus (Newfoundland Wolf) · C. lupus bernardi · C. lupus campestris

More Info

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Further Reading

• A catalogue of the collection of mammals in the Field Columbian Museum. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1907. ENG url p. 411.
• Abstammungslehre, Systematik, Paläontologie, Biogeographie; unter Redaktion von R. Hertwig und R. v. Wettstein. Bearb. von R. Hertwig, L. Plate [u. a.] Mit 112 Abbildungen im Text. Leipzig [etc.]B. G. Teubner, 1914. GER url p. 145.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 293.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 489.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 126, p. 26, p. 30, p. 30, p. 37, p. 38, p. 80.
• Arsberattelse om Zoologiens Framsteg till Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademien afgiven af Zoologiae Intendenterna. url p. 79.
• Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Common property resource management of an Afro-alpine habitat: supporting a population of the critically endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). Ph.D. dissertation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology. University of Kent, UK.
• Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 123, p. 134, p. 136, p. 141, p. 142, p. 148, p. 149, p. 150, p. 154, p. 170, p. 177.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 192, p. 604.
• Canid Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website
• Catalogue of the bones of mammalia in the collection of the British Museum / [compiled by Edward Gerrard]. London: printed by Taylor and Francis, by order of the Trustees, 1862 ENG url p. 82.
• Coetzee, C.G. 1977. Order Carnivora. Part 8. In: J. Meester and H.W. Setzer (eds). The mammals of Africa: an identification manual. pp: 1-42. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.
• Gottelli, D. and Sillero-Zubiri, C. 1992. The Ethiopian wolf - an endangered endemic canid. Oryx 26:205-214.
• Gottelli, D., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Applebaum, G.D., Roy, M.S., Girman, D.J., Garcia-Moreno, J., Ostrander, E.A. and Wayne, R.K. 1994. Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: the Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis. Molecular Ecology 3:277-290.
• Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Haltenorth, T. and Diller, H. 1980. A field guide to the mammals of Africa including Madagascar. William Collins & Sons, London, UK.
• Handwörterbuch der Zoologie. Unter Mitwirkung von Prof. Dr. von Dalla Torre, bearb. von Dr. Friedrich Knauer. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1887. GER url p. 113.
• IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Jagdtierkunde; naturgeschichte der in Deutschland heimischen wildarten, von dr. Ernst Sch... Berlin, P.Parey, 1907. GER url p. 228.
• Le chien; son histoire, ses exploits, ses aventures, par Alfred Barbou Ouvrage illustre 87 compositions par Emile Bayard, Couturier, Ch. Jacque, Adrien Marie Vogel, etc., etc. Paris, Joubet et cie, 1883. FRE url p. 324.
• Marino, J. 2003. Threatened Ethiopian wolves persist in small isolated Afroalpine enclaves. Oryx 37:62-71.
• Marino, J. 2004. Spatial ecology of the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis. D.Phil. dissertation, University of Oxford, UK.
• Maydon, H.C. 1932. Big game shooting in Africa. Seeley Service and Co, London, UK.
• Natur und Museum. Frankfurt am Main. MUL url p. 57.
• Naturalist (Morris) London. url p. 162.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: wöchentliche Berichte über die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 484.
• North American Quaternary Canis / Ronald M. Nowak. Lawrence, Kans.: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1979. ENG url p. 119, p. 66.
• Powell-Cotton, P.H.G. 1902. A sporting trip to Abyssinia. Rowland Ward Ltd., London, UK.
• Sillero –Zubiri, C. and Gottelli, D. 1994. Canis simensis. Mammalian Species 485:1 –6.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Gottelli, D. 1995. Spatial organization in the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis: large packs and small stable home ranges. Journal of Zoology, London 237:65ï·“81.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 1997. The Ethiopian wolf: status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Canid specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C., Malcolm, J.R., Williams, S., Marino, J., Ashenafi, Z.T., Laurenson, M.K., Gottelli, D., Hood, A., Macdonald, D.W., Wildt, D. and Ellis, S. 2000. Ethiopian wolf conservation strategy workshop. Unpublished report, IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Dinsho, Ethiopia.
• Sillero–Zubiri, C. and Gottelli, D. 1994. Canis simensis. Mammalian Species 485:1–6.
• Sillero–Zubiri, C. and Gottelli, D. 1994. Canis simensis. Mammalian Species 485:1–6.
• Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Commission bei Carl Gerold's Sohn, GER url p. 550.
• The variation of animals and plants under domestication / By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton, 1887. ENG url p. 34, p. 438.
• Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich: Fäsi & Beer, GER url p. 446, p. 449.
• W. Christopher Wozencraft: Status: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xviii + 1207. ISBN: 1-56098-217-9.
• Yalden, D.W., Largen, M.J. and Kock, D. 1980. Catalogue of the mammals of Ethiopia: 4. Carnivora. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (Supplement n.s.) 13:169-272.
• Zentralblatt für Zoologie, allgemeine und experimentelle Biologie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, [1912-1918] GER url p. 44, p. 63.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, GER url p. 240, p. 257, p. 55, p. 56.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 431, p. 453, p. 536, p. 93.
• Zoologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, [1894-1902] GER url p. 111.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Marino, J. (Canid Specialist Group) 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Marino, J. 2004. Canis simensis. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 14 January 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• GBIF-Sweden: Mammals (NRM)
• Michigan State University Museum: Vertebrate specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2478097
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-621851
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 621851
• IUCN ID: 3748
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A07K
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2860

Footnotes

1. Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Marino, J. (Canid Specialist Group) 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]

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