Canis adustus

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,221 meters (0 to 7,287 feet).[1]

Biome: Terrestrial

Ecology: Side-striped jackals occupy a range of habitats , from game areas through farmland to towns within the broad-leaved savannah zones, including wooded habitats, bush , grassland, abandoned cultivation, marshes and montane habitats up to 2,700 m (Kingdon 1977, 1997; Estes 1991). The species tends to avoid very open savannah (although Rowe-Rowe (1992) mentions they occur in open grassland in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal), thickly wooded areas and arid zones (Stuart and Stuart 1988, Skinner and Smithers 1990, Kingdon 1997), but Kingdon (1997) states that it enters the equatorial forest belt in the wake of human settlement . Side-striped jackals frequently occur near rural dwellings and farm buildings (Skinner and Smithers 1990, Kingdon 1997), and penetrate peri-urban and urban areas (Liebenberg 1990, Skinner and Smithers 1990). In Botswana, Smithers (1971) recorded them where mean annual rainfall was 400–700 mm, and many authors note that the species occurs in well-watered areas (e.g. , Kingdon 1977, Skinner and Smithers 1990). Where side-striped jackals occur sympatrically with golden and black-backed jackals, they may avoid competition by ecological segregation (Fuller et al. 1989). In such areas of sympatry, side-striped jackals usually occupy areas of denser vegetation, while black-backed and golden jackals dominate in the more open areas (Loveridge 1999, Loveridge and Macdonald 2003).[2]


List of Habitats:1.5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 2.1Savanna - Dry 3.5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 3.7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude 5.4Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands 14.1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land 14.5Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 28-Oct-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Canis

There are approximately 174 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. adustus (Side-Striped Jackal) · C. adustus adustus (Side-Striped Jackal) · C. adustus bweha · C. africanus · C. alpinus · C. ameghinoi · C. anthus · C. anthus soudanicus · C. apolloniensis · C. armbrusteri · C. arnensis · C. aureus (Asiatic Jackal) · C. aureus algirensis · C. aureus anthus · C. aureus aureus (Golden Jackal) · C. aureus bea · C. aureus indicus · C. aureus indinus · C. aureus lanka · C. aureus lupaster · C. aureus naria · C. aureus riparius · C. aureus soudanicus · C. aureus syriacus · C. avus · C. brachyurus · C. brevirostris · C. cedazoensis · C. cf · C. chama · C. chanco · C. cinereo argenteus · C. cipio · C. corsac · C. crocuta · C. culpaeus · C. davisi · C. dingo · C. dirus · C. dukhunensis · C. edwardii · C. entrerianus · C. etruscus · C. falconeri · C. familaris · C. familiaris · C. familiaris dingo · C. familiaris halstromi · C. familiaris matris-optimae · C. ferox · C. gezi · C. gracilis · C. himalaicus · C. hodophilax · C. hyaena · C. indicus · C. irvingtonensis · C. kokree · C. kuruksaensis · C. lagopus spitzbergenensis · C. lateralis · C. latran · C. latrans (American Jackal) · C. latrans cagottis · C. latrans clepticus (Coyote) · C. latrans dickeyi · C. latrans frustor · C. latrans frustror · C. latrans goldmani · C. latrans hondurensis · C. latrans impavidus · C. latrans incolatus · C. latrans jamesi · C. latrans latrans (Coyote) · C. latrans lestas · C. latrans lestes · C. latrans mearnsi · C. latrans microdon · C. latrans ochropus · C. latrans orcutti · C. latrans peninsulae · C. latrans texensis · C. latrans thamnos · C. latrans umpquensis · C. latrans vigilis · C. latrans x · C. lepophagus · C. lupaster · C. lupes · C. lupis · C. lupis baileyi (Mexican Wolf) · C. lupus (Domestic Dog (Feral)) · C. lupus alces · C. lupus arabs · C. lupus arctos (Arctic Wolf) · C. lupus bailey · C. lupus baileyi (Mexican Gray Wolf) · C. lupus beothucus (Newfoundland Wolf) · C. lupus bernardi · C. lupus campestris

More Info

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Further Reading

• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 338.
• Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Wien: Alfred Hlder, 1886-1917. GER url p. 66.
• Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 11, p. 6, p. 66, p. 67, p. 7.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 104, p. 173, p. 254, p. 300, p. 362, p. 379, p. 399, p. 73.
• Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Bingham, J., Kappeler, A., Hill, F.W.G., King, A.A., Perry, B.D. and Foggin, C.M. 1995. Efficacy of SAD (Berne) rabies vaccine given by the oral route in two species of jackal (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 31:416-419.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 123, p. 133, p. 134, p. 136, p. 141, p. 142, p. 147, p. 148, p. 149, p. 150, p. 154, p. 170, p. 171, p. 177, p. 194.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 193, p. 23, p. 595.
• Canid Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website
• Catalogue of the Selous Collection of Big Game in the British Museum (Natural History). By J.G. Dollman, B.A. London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1921. ENG url p. 105, p. 6.
• Catalogue of the bones of mammalia in the collection of the British Museum / [compiled by Edward Gerrard]. London: printed by Taylor and Francis, by order of the Trustees, 1862 ENG url p. 85.
• Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. ENG url p. 217, p. 217.
• Estes, R.D. 1991. The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores and primates. University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, California, USA.
• Fuller, T.K., Biknevicius, A.R., Kat, P.W., Van Valkenburgh, B. and Wayne, R.K. 1989. The ecology of three sympatric jackal species in the Rift Valley of Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 27:313-323.
• Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes / Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1866-1927 POR url p. 182.
• Kingdon, J. 1977. East African mammals. An atlas of evolution in Africa. Volume IIIA (Carnivores). Academic Press, London, UK.
• Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London, UK.
• Liebenberg, L. 1990. A field guide to the animal tracks and signs of southern Africa. David Philip Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
• Loveridge, A.J. 1999. Behavioural-ecology and rabies transmission in sympatric Southern African jackals. D.Phil. dissertation, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford, , UK.
• Loveridge, A.J. and Macdonald, D.W. 2003. Niche separation in sympatric jackals (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus). Journal of Zoology 259:143-153.
• Natur und Museum. Frankfurt am Main. MUL url p. 55.
• North American Quaternary Canis / Ronald M. Nowak. Lawrence, Kans.: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1979. ENG url p. 119, p. 66.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 549, p. 592, p. 593.
• Rhodes, C.J., Atkinson, R.P.D., Anderson R.M. and Macdonald, D.W. 1998. Rabies in Zimbabwe: reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 353:999-1010.
• Rowe-Rowe, D.T. 1992. The carnivores of Natal. Natal Parks Board, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C., Di Silvestre, I., Marino, J. Massaly, S. and Novelli, O. 1997. La distribution et l’état des carnivores dans le Niokolo-Badiar. Rapport No 17, Projet Niokolo Badiar. Communaute Europeene, Dakkar, Senegal.
• Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Berlin, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. GER url p. 140, p. 198.
• Skinner, J.D. and Smithers, R.H.N. 1990. The mammals of the southern African subregion. 2nd edition. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
• Smithers, R.H.N. 1971. The mammals of Botswana. Museum Memoir, National Museum of Rhodesia 4:1-340.
• Smithers, R.H.N. and Wilson, V.J. 1979. Check list and atlas of the mammals of Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Museum Memoirs, National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 9:1-147.
• Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. 1988. Field guide to the mammals of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
• The animal kingdom; based upon the writings of the eminent naturalists, Audubon, Wallace, Brehm, Wood and others / edited by Hugh Craig. New York: Johnson & Bailey, 1897. ENG url p. 796.
• The carnivores of West Africa. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1974. ENG url p. 35, p. 49.
• The natural history of South Africa by F. W. Fitzsimons. London, Longmans, Green and co., 1919-20. ENG url p. 192.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xviii + 1207. ISBN: 1-56098-217-9.
• Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906, unter leitung von prof. dr. Yngve Sjöstedt. Hrsg. mit unterstützung von der Königl. schwed Stockholm, Tryckt hos P. Palmquists aktiebolag, 1910. GER url p. 14, p. 15.
• Zoologica. Stuttgart [etc.]E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchandlung [etc.] GER url p. 10, p. 111, p. 208, p. 209, p. 210, p. 213, p. 215, p. 30.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, GER url p. 165, p. 523, p. 524, p. 525, p. 527, p. 529, p. 531, p. 738, p. 739, p. 740, p. 744, p. 745, p. 749.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 157, p. 273, p. 330, p. 426, p. 86.
• Zoologischer Jahresbericht. Berlin, R. Friedlander. GER url p. 179, p. 34.
• ude sur les mammifs du Congo frans, par E. de Pousargues. [Paris, G. Masson, 1897?] FRE url p. 278, p. 281.

Notes

Contributors

• Atkinson, R.P.D. & Loveridge, A.J. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed November 7, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 14, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 14, 2008:

• Field Museum: Mammal specimens
• GBIF-Sweden: Mammals (NRM)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Michigan State University Museum: Vertebrate specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2478091
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-183819
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13837611
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183819
• IUCN ID: 3753
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 777

Footnotes

1. Mean = 627.470 meters (2,058.629 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,488.040 based on 19 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Atkinson, R.P.D. & Loveridge, A.J. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]

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