Callorhinchus capensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Plownose chimaeras ; Found from close inshore and shallow bays to the slope [1]. Feeds on small fish and a wide variety of invertebrates [2]. Sold commercially as 'silver trumpeter'[3] and considered a delicacy in southern Africa [2]. Oviparous [4]. Produces egg-cases that are spindle shaped, with broad horizontal flanges [5]. Minimum depth reported from Ref. 7403.

Common Names

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Description

Family Callorhinchidae

Distribution: Southern Hemisphere (e.g. off southern South America, New Zealand, southern Australia, southern Africa ). Elongate and flexible snout bearing a hooklike structure. Heterocercal tail. A single genus, Callorhinchus (wrongly spelled Callorhynchus by authors ). [Only three species valid in Eschmeyer 1998. RF]The family Callorhinchidae belongs to the Class Holocephali (chimaeras ) and the Order Chimaeriformes. It contains 1 genus and 4 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be sluggish. Etymology of this family name : Greek, kallis = beautiful + Greek, rhyngchos = snout, muzzle

Habitat

May be found at depths of 10 to 374 meters. Usually found at depths of 10 to 200 meters.

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,197 meters (0 to -13,770 feet).[6]

Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .

Ecology: Demersal and found close inshore to a depth of 374 m , although rarely caught in depths greater than 150 m and only females have been collected below 250 m.

C. capensis appears to have a relatively high fecundity and early onset of sexual maturity compared to other chondrichthyan fishes . Sexual maturity is calculated at about 4.2 years for females and 3.3 years for males (Freer and Griffiths 1993a, 1993b). C. capensis is oviparous producing one egg per oviduct . Their eggcases are large, spindle-shaped with broad lateral flanges . Embryos probably take 9 to 12 months to hatch . Breeding occurs throughout the year with distinct peaks in summer. During the breeding season , females move closer to shore to lay eggs and juveniles remain inshore for a period of 3 to 4 years. The majority of C. capensis caught by fishermen are in depths less than 100 m. Maximum size is 120 cm TL .

Most life history data are from Freer and Griffiths (1993a, 1993b).

Life history parameters
Age at maturity: 4.2 years (female); 3.3 years (male).
Size at maturity (fork length): 50% maturity: 49.6 cm FL (female); 50% maturity: 43.5 cm FL (male).
Longevity: 10+ years (females); 7+ years (males) (from graphs in Freer and Griffiths 1993b).
Maximum size (total length): 120 cm TL.
Size at birth: ~13 cm TL.
Average reproductive age (years): Unknown.
Gestation time: Incubation time of 9 to 12 months.
Reproductive periodicity: Active throughout the year but with a distinctive peak in summer.
Average annual fecundity or litter size: Unknown.
Annual rate of population increase: Unknown.
Natural mortality: Unknown.[7]


List of Habitats :10.1Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)

Taxonomy

Ambiguous Synonyms

1. Callorhynchus antarcticus (Non Fleming, 1822)

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Callorhinchus capensis /i> (Duméril, 1865)
2. Callorhynchus capensis Dum éril, 1865
3. Callorhynchus capensis Dum�ril, 1865
4. Callorynchus capensis (Dum�ril, 1865)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 16-Oct-2002

Similar Species

Members of the genus Callorhinchus

There are approximately 9 species in this genus:

C. antarcticus · C. callorhinchus · C. callorhynchus · C. callorynchus (Elephant Fish) · C. capensis (Cape Elephantfish) · C. milii (Silver Trumpeter) · C. milli · C. callorynchus · C. callorynchus

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 507.
• Compagno, L.J.V. (1986). Callorhinchidae. p. 147. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale (1989). Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p.
• Compagno, L.J.V., Ebert, D.A. and Cowley, P.D. 1991. Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (Class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science 11:43-139.
• Compagno, L.J.V., Ebert, D.A. and Smale, M.J. 1989. Guide to the sharks and rays of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town. 160 pp.
• Didier, Dominique A. 1995. Phylogenetic Systematics of Extant Chimaeroid Fishes (Holocephali, Chimaerodei). American Museum Novitates (3119). American Museum of Natural History. New York, New York, U.S.A. 1-86.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
• Food and Agriculture Organization (1992). FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p.
• Freer, D.W.L. and Griffiths, C.L. 1993a. The fishery for, and general biology of, the St Joseph Callorhinchus capensis (Dumeril) off the south-western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 13:63–74.
• Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller (1995). A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller, Electric Fishes: history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries series 17. Chapman & Hall, London.
• IGFA (2001). Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
• Krefft, G. (1990). Callorynchidae. p. 117. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Parisl. Vol. 1.
• Shark Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website.
• Van Der Elst, R. (1993). A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.) Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 7, 2006.
• FishBase
• FishBase 2006.
• Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 16, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Pheeha, S. & Dagit, D.D. 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Westneat, Mark (from FishBase).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• GBIF-Sweden: Fishes (NRM)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Fish Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Shark Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1983-1985)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1986-1990)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1991-1995)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1996-2000)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 2001-2005)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 2006-)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1985)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1986)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1987)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1988)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1989)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1990) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1992) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1993) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1999) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2000) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1986)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1987)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1988)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1989)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1990) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1993) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2003) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
• National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2489206
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22772
• Fishbase Species ID: 167
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13730255
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 564643
• IUCN ID: 60138
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 105411

Footnotes

1. Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale (1989). Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. [back]
2. Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer (1993). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 250 p. [back]
3. Compagno, L.J.V. (1986). Callorhinchidae. p. 147. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [back]
4. Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds (1997). Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264:1309-1315. [back]
5. Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer. (1999). Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, FAO. 265 p., 11 colour plates. [back]
6. Mean = -157.500 meters (-516.732 feet), Standard Deviation = 254.010 based on 1,489 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
7. Pheeha, S. & Dagit, D.D. 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]

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