Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Dikkop, Gewone Dikkop
Common Names in Czech:
Dyt
Common Names in Danish:
Plettet Triel
Common Names in Dutch:
Kaapse griel
Common Names in English:
Cape Thicknee, Cape Dikkop, Spotted Dikkop, Spotted Thick-knee
Common Names in Finnish:
Suomupaksujalka
Common Names in French:
Oedicn?me tachard, Oedicn, Oedicnème tachard
Common Names in German:
Kaptriel
Common Names in Italian:
Occhione Del Capo
Common Names in Japanese:
Ke-Puishichidori, Keapuishichidori, ケープイシチドリ
Common Names in Kwangali:
Eswaita
Common Names in Latin:
Burhinus capensis
Common Names in Lithuanian:
Demetasis Storkulnis
Common Names in Norwegian:
Flekktriel
Common Names in Polish:
Kulon Plamisty
Common Names in Portuguese:
Alcarav
Common Names in Shona:
Gwarimutondo
Common Names in Siswant:
Umunkonkoni
Common Names in Slovak:
Le
Common Names in Sotho, Southern:
Khoho-Ea-Lira
Common Names in Spanish:
Alcarav
Common Names in Swahili:
Chekehukwa
Common Names in Swedish:
Fl
Common Names in Tsonga:
Mtshikuyana
Common Names in Tswana:
Kgoadir
Common Names in Xhosa:
Ingqangqolo
Common Names in Zulu:
Umbangaqhwa
Description
Physical Description
Species Burhinus capensis
The beak is short, plover-like, and colored yellow and brown. The arrow shaped head and part of the back are covered with brownish black streaks. A dark brown streak appears from under the eye to the ear covers and a white streak stretches below the eye to the cheek. White feathers surround the eyes of the bird. The upper parts of the body and wings have brown, white and black splotches. A white bar of plumage separates the wing into sections . Wings are brown and gray, tipped with black and have white edges surrounding them. The underpart and the mid throat of the bird is white, and the breast is light brown with black streaks. It has greenish-gray long legs with three toed feet that are webbed , and resemble a vultures foot . The wedged shaped tail is tipped in black with some white areas on it. Both male and female look similar. As juveniles the birds look like adults except they have gray freckled wing-coverts and a slightly vermiculated tail and upper parts of the body. The special characteristics of this species include large yellow eyes and its long legs. The large yellow eyes are an adaptation to being crepuscular (active at dusk and dawn) and nocturnal (active at night). Burhinidae capensis has long legs that appear to have thick knees coining the phrase Cape Thicknee though, the actual part that looks like a “thicknee” is not the knee but the heel of the foot.
Size/Age/Growth
Burhinidae capensis height is about 34.41cm (17 inches) and weighs about 450 grams (4.5675 oz ). It is 7.2cm (15 in) long and can have a wing span between 200-245 mm (20-24.5in).
Habitat
Likes dry, open country. Its brown, black and white colors blend into its surroundings in the grasslands, semi-deserts and urban areas.
Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 1,126 meters (3,694 feet).[1]
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:
- 2 Savanna
- 2.1 Savanna - Dry
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 4 Grassland
- 4.4 Grassland - Temperate
- 4.5 Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 8 Desert
- 8.1 Desert - Hot
- 12 Marine Intertidal
- 12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
- 12.2 Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars , Spits , Etc
- 12.3 Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches
- 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
- 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
- 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
- 14.4 Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
- 14.5 Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas [more info]
Biology
Diet
This species is an omnivore . They will feed on a range of foods including but not limited to grass seeds, insects and other invertebrates , small lizards, rodents, snails, crabs and even an occasional frog or two.
Reproduction
These birds have a variable breeding season , though it has been recorded that spring and early summer is the most favorable time for eggs to be laid. The nest is on the ground and is lined with small stones and dry plants . One to three brown and speckled oval-shaped eggs are laid in each clutch . Incubation can last 26-27 days. Both parents will help incubate the egg, though the mother tends to do most of the incubating. This species has a life span of fifteen years.
Behavior
Aggression does not seem to be a dominant trait for these birds. They are very mellow and will only move from their spot if you approach very closely. The males do become aggressive and territorial when they are protecting or defending the young. Burhinus capensis are usually quiet birds during the daytime and quite noisy during the darker hours when they are active . They have several calls , which include “tche-uuu” , “ pi pi pi pipi” , “whee-yu-ee” and sometimes they croak. They are capable of flying but would rather walk. The rare occasion of flying long distance is usually in search of water. When the bird does fly, normally at dusk, its very high up with good rapid wing beats . Burhinus capensis flock with their own kind and tend to be monogamous. The birds rely on their camouflages to protect themselves from predators . The nesting season is generally the most vulnerable time for these birds.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Aves
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
)
- Gauthier, 1986
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
)
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
)
- Pycraft, 1900
- Superorder:
Charadriimorphae
(
)
- Huxley, 1867
- Order:
Charadriiformes
(
)
- Huxley, 1867
- Suborder:
Limicolae
(
)
- Beddard, 1898
- Infraorder:
Charadriides
(
)
- Huxley, 1867
- Parvorder:
Charadriida
(
)
- Superfamily:
Burhinoidea
(
)
- Mathews, 1912
- Family:
Burhinidae
(
)
- Mathews, 1912
- Genus:
Burhinus
(
)
- Illiger 1811
- Specific name:
capensis
- (Lichtenstein) 1823
- Scientific name: - Burhinus capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Lichtenstein) 1823
- Specific name:
capensis
- (Lichtenstein) 1823
- Genus:
Burhinus
(
- Family:
Burhinidae
(
- Superfamily:
Burhinoidea
(
- Parvorder:
Charadriida
(
- Infraorder:
Charadriides
(
- Suborder:
Limicolae
(
- Order:
Charadriiformes
(
- Superorder:
Charadriimorphae
(
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Burhinus capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001
Similar Species
Members of the genus Burhinus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 22 species and subspecies in this genus:
B. bistriatus (Double-Striped Thick Knee) · B. bistriatus bistriatus (Double-Striped Stone-Curlew) · B. capensis (Cape Thicknee) · B. capensis capensis (Spotted Thick-Knee) · B. capensis damarensis (Dahlak Island Thick-Knee) · B. capensis dodsoni (Arabian Thick-Knee) · B. capensis maculosus (Cape Dikkop) · B. grallarius (Bush Stone-Curlew) · B. indicus (Indian Stone Curlew) · B. magnirostris (Beach Thick-Knee) · B. oedicnemus (Eurasian Stone-Curlew) · B. oedicnemus distinctus (Stone Curlew) · B. oedicnemus harterti (Central Eurasian Thick-Knee) · B. oedicnemus insularum (Eastern Canarian Eurasian Thick-Knee) · B. oedicnemus oedicnemus (Eurasian Stone-Curlew) · B. oedicnemus saharae (East Mediterranean Eurasian Thick-Knee) · B. senegalensis (Senegal Stone-Curlew) · B. senegalensis inornatus (North-East African Senegal Thick-Knee) · B. senegalensis senegalensis (Senegal Stone-Curlew) · B. superciliaris (Peruvian Stone-Curlew) · B. vermiculatus (Water Thick-Knee) · B. vermiculatus vermiculatus (Water Thick-Knee)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. 1972 New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, url fig. 22.
- IUCN Directory of Afrotropical Protected Areas IUCN, UNEP url p. 1013, p. 609, p. 629.
- Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 3 1968 San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931-1989. url p. 46, p. 53.
- Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 18 1975 [San Diego]: The Society, 1905-1989. url p. 72.
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2009. Burhinus capensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:
- BeBIF Provider, Royal Museum of Central Africa - Albertian Rift Birds
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
- University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
- , Bird specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8189
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176747
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13756572
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176747
- IUCN ID: 196427
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 142624
Footnotes
- Standard Deviation = 474.780 based on 10,726 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
