Bufo terrestris

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Ecology: It is adaptable and ubiquitous . Occupies a wide variety of wooded and unwooded habitats , which usually have sandy soil. Burrows underground when inactive . Eggs and larvae develop in shallow water of permanent ponds , woodland pools , and flooded depressions .[1]

List of Habitats: 1.4 Forest - Temperate 4.4 Grassland - Temperate 5.2 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 5.8 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland 14.5 Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas 15.2 Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) 15.8 Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 29-Aug-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bufo

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 126 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

B. ailaoanus (Ailao Toad) · B. alvarius (Sonoran Desert Toad) · B. amatolicus (Amatola Toad) · B. amboroensis (Cochabamba Toad) · B. americanus (Eastern American Toad) · B. americanus; (Eastern American Toad) · B. americanus americanus (American Toad) · B. americanus charlesmithi (Dwarf American Toad) · B. americanus hemiophrys (Canadian Toad) · B. arabicus (Arabian Toad) · B. arequipensis (Rio Chili Toad) · B. arunco (Concepcion Toad) · B. asper (Giant Indonesian Toad) · B. atacamensis (Atacama Toad) · B. atukoralei (Atukorale's Dwarf Toad) · B. baxteri (Baxter's Toad) · B. biporcatus (Philippine Toad) · B. boreas (California Toad) · B. boreas boreas (Boreal Toad) · B. boreas halophilus (California Toad) · B. brauni (Dead-Leaf Toad) · B. brongersmai (Tiznit Toad) · B. bufo (Common Toad) · B. calamita (Natterjack Toad) · B. californicus (Arroyo Southwestern Toad) · B. camerunensis (Oban Toad) · B. canaliferus (Dwarf Toad) · B. canorus (Yosemite Park Toad) · B. castaneoticus (Para Toad) · B. cataulaciceps (Cuban Pine Toad) · B. cavifrons (Mountain Toad) · B. cognatus (Great Plains Toad) · B. cognatus cognatus (Great Plains Toad) · B. coniferus (Green Climbing Toad) · B. cophotis (Paramo Toad) · B. cristatus (Large-Crested Toad) · B. crucifer (Striped Toad) · B. danatensis (Middle Asiatic Toad) · B. dapsilis (Bom Jardim Toad) · B. debilis (Western Green Toad) · B. debilis debilis (Eastern Green Toad) · B. debilis insidior (Western Green Toad) · B. dombensis (Dombe Toad) · B. empusus (Cope's Caribbean Toad) · B. exsul (Deep Springs Toad) · B. fowleri (Fowler's Toad) · B. gargarizans (Chusan Island Toad) · B. garmani (Garman's Toad) · B. gemmifer (Jeweled Toad) · B. glaberrimus (Cundinamarca Toad) · B. gracilipes (French Congo Toad) · B. gundlachi (Gundlach's Caribbean Toad) · B. guttatus (Smooth-Sided Toad) · B. gutturalis (Guttural Toad) · B. hemiophrys (Dakota Toad) · B. hemiophrys hemiophrys (Canadian Toad) · B. himalayanus (Himalayan Toad) · B. houstonensis (Houston Toad) · B. ibarrai (Jalapa Toad) · B. ictericus (Yellow Cururu Toad) · B. japonicus (Japanese Common Toad) · B. juxtasper (Sungei Tawan Toad) · B. kelloggi (Little Mexican Toad) · B. kisoloensis (Kisolo Toad) · B. kotagamai (Kotagama's Dwarf Toad) · B. latastii (Ladakh Toad) · B. lemur (Puerto Rican Crested Toad) · B. limensis (Peru Coast Toad) · B. longinasus (Stejneger's Caribbean Toad) · B. macrotis (Big-Eared Toad) · B. maculatus (Flat-Backed Toad) · B. margaritifer (South American Common Toad) · B. marinus (South American Cane Toad) · B. marinus marinus (Giant American Toad) · B. marmoreus (Wiegmann's Toad) · B. mauritanicus (Mauritanian Toad) · B. mazatlanensis (Sinaloa Toad) · B. melanochlorus (Dark Green Toad) · B. melanostictus (Asian Common Toad) · B. microscaphus (Southwestern Toad) · B. microscaphus californicus (Arroyo Toad) · B. nasicus (Werner's Toad) · B. nebulifer (Gulf Coast Toad) · B. nelsoni (Amargosa Toad) · B. nesiotes (Laguna Toad) · B. noellerti (Noellert`s Toad) · B. nyikae (Nyika Dwarf Toad) · B. occidentalis (Pine Toad) · B. ocellatus (Ocellated Toad) · B. olivaceus (Olive Toad) · B. pardalis (Leopard Toad) · B. periglenes (Alajuela Toad) · B. poeppigii (Gray Toad) · B. poweri (Power's Toad) · B. pseudoraddei baturae (Batura Toad) · B. pseudoraddei pseudoraddei (Swat Green Toad) · B. punctatus (Red-Spotted Toad) · B. quercicus (Oak Toad) · B. raddei (Mongolian Toad) · B. rangeri (Ranger's Toad)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles / by Leonhard Stejneger and Thomas Barbour. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1933. url p. 30.
• A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. 36 1958 [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958. url p. 625.
• A history of British reptiles / by Thomas Bell. ..; illustrated by more than 50 wood-engravings. London: J. Van Voorst, 1849. url p. 115.
• A history of British reptiles. London: J. Van Voorst, 1849. url p. 115.
• A manual of British vertebrate animals: or Descriptions of all the animals belonging to the classes, Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Pisces, which have been hitherto observed in the British Islands: including the domesticated, natur By the Rev. Leonard Jenyns. Cambridge, Printed by J. Smith, sold by J. & J.J. Deighton; [etc., etc.]1835. url p. 301.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., inc.[c1935] url p. 162.
• A survey of natural areas in Brunswick County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url , , , .
• A survey of natural areas in Tyrrell County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url p. 11.
• Amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago area, by Clifford H. Pope. [Chicago]Chicago natural history museum, 1944. url p. 81.
• Amphibians of Illinois / by Paul W. Parmalee. Springfield, IL: Dept. of Registration and Education, 1954. url p. 36, p. 38.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 110, p. 141, p. 163.
• Biology and ecology of ants of the genus Aphaenogaster in Florida / by John F. Carroll. 1975. url p. 136.
• Breviora. Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, [1952- url , , p. 1, p. 2, p. 23, p. 3.
• British zoology, London: Printed for Wilkie and Robinson [etc.], 1812. url p. 18.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 246, p. 248, p. 286, p. 41.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 125 1961 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 208, p. 43.
• Check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Canada and Alaska / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1961 url p. 8.
• Check-list of the amphibians and reptiles of Canada and Alaska / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1955. url p. 5.
• College zoology [by] Robert W. Hegner [and] Karl A. Stiles. New York, Macmillan[1959] url p. 404.
• Dioxin hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates a synoptic review / by Ronald Eisler (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center). [Washington, D.C.?]: Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior, [1986] url p. 8.
• Experimental embryology, a manual of techniques and procedures. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1948] url p. 45.
• Experimental embryology; techniques and procedures. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1962] url p. 47.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 136, p. 215.
• General embryological information service. Utrecht, Hubrecht Laboratory. url p. 11, p. 129, p. 146, p. 171, p. 224, p. 259.
• General zoology, or Systematic natural history, by George Shaw. .. with plates from the first authorities and most selected specimens, engraved principally by Mr. Heath. London, Printed for G. Kearsley, 1800-1826. url .
• Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. 1950 Lawrence, 1950 url p. 327, fig. 36, page 64, fig. 46, page 78, fig. 47, page 79, p. 80, fig. 48, page 81.
• Handbook of frogs and toads. .. of the United States and Canada. Ithaca, N.Y.Comstock Pub. Co., 1933. url , p. 129, p. 19, p. 220, p. 7, p. 74.
• Introduction to evolution. New York, Harper[1962] url p. 374.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 14 1994 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 147.
• Life-histories of the frogs of Okefinokee swamp, Georgia; North American Salientia (Anura) no.2; by Albert Hazen Wright. New York, The Macmillan company, 1931. url , , , , , , , , , p. 109, p. 110, p. 111, p. 113, p. 114, p. 119, p. 12, p. 123, p. 125, p. 128, p. 129, p. 13, p. 133, p. 134, p. 137, p. 141, p. 142, p. 144, p. 145, p. 146, p. 147, p. 148, p. 149, p. 153, p. 154, p. 155, p. 17, p. 176, p. 25, p. 29, p. 299, p. 30, p. 316, p. 336, p. 34, p. 36, p. 37, p. 40, p. 42, p. 460, p. 461, p. 481, p. 62, p. 63, p. 64, p. 65, p. 66, p. 68, p. 71.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1956 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 3, p. 345, p. 346, p. 347, p. 55, p. 61, fig. 35, page 64, p. 65, fig. 46, page 79, fig. 47, page 80, fig. 50, page 84.
• Museum paper / Alabama Museum of Natural History. University, Ala.: Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1910-1960. url p. 17.
• Museum paper. University, Ala. [etc.]1910- url p. 17.
• Name that animal; a guide to the identification of the common land and fresh-water animals of the United States, with special reference to the area east of the Rockies. With drawings by Olive Driver. Northampton? Mass., 1950 url p. 344.
• Natural areas inventory of Carteret County, North Carolina: for the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / [Raleigh]: N.C. Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, N.C. Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1983]. url p. 34.
• Natural history and ecology of Fowler's toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri (Amphibia: Bufonidae), in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore / by Felix Breden. 49 1988 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1988. url p. 14.
• Our country's animals and how to know them. A guide to the mammals, reptiles and amphibians of Great Britain. With plates and diagrams by R.E. Holding. London, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent[1904] url p. 136.
• Our reptiles. A plain and easy account of the lizards, snakes, newts, toads, frogs, and tortoises indigenous to Great Britain. By M. C. Cooke. London: R. Hardwicke, 1865. url p. 196.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 231.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 23, p. 24, p. 5, p. 68.
• Protozoology, by Richard R. Kudo. .. With three hundred and thirty-six illustrations. Springfield, Ill., C.C. Thomas, 1946. url p. 528.
• Protozoology. Springfield, Ill., C. C. Thomas[1954] url p. 656.
• Publications in natural sciences = Publications de sciences naturelles / Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1983- url p. 76.
• Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. .. [Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution], 1848-1932. url p. 110, p. 98.
• Researches on the Amphibia of Oklahoma, by Arthur N. Bragg [and others. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1950. url p. 153, p. 16.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 441.
• Sex and internal secretions. Contributors: A. Albert [and others] Foreword by George W. Corner. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1961. url p. 1224.
• Survey on neurobiology. Bibliography of genetic neurology, compiled and annotated by Agnes S. Burt. Washington, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1952. url p. 32.
• Taxonomic studies on the mouth parts of larval Anura, Urbana, University of Illinois, 1937 url p. 60.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 66 1952 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 126, p. 433, p. 490, p. 493.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 56 1996 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 373.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 37 1956 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 1379, p. 227, p. 282, p. 284, p. 294, p. 315.
• The anatomical record. [New York, etc.]A. R. Liss [etc.] url p. 110, p. 406.
• The corn field spider community: composition, structure, development and function / by Michael Joseph Plagens. 1985. url p. 117.
• The ecological impact of man on the south Florida herpetofauna / by Larry David Wilson and Louis Porras. Lawrence: University of Kansas: 1983. url p. 28, p. 66.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 189, p. 197, p. 83, p. 85.
• Tulane studies in zoology. 4 1956 New Orleans: Tulane University, 1953-1968. url p. 103, fig. 3, page 149, fig. 5, page 151.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 10 1956 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 102, p. 405, p. 675, p. 89.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 08, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
• Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 08, 2008:

• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Amphibian and Reptile Collection - Anura
• Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 26027
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-173475
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173475
• IUCN ID: 54777
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAABB01160
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 938

Footnotes

1. Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.