Bufo gargarizans

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,483 meters (0 to 14,708 feet).Mean = 929.870 meters (3,050.755 feet), Standard Deviation = 941.360 based on 110 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Ecology: The main habitats of this species are coniferous , mixed and deciduous forests (and their glades ), grasslands and meadows. It is also present in flood lands and river valleys. Although the species prefers habitats with high humidity, it is rare in very shaded or saturated coniferous forests. Breeding and larval development takes place in rivers, streams , ponds and pools . The species is generally tolerant of habitat modification and may be found in cultivated areas, villages and even parks and gardens in large cities (e.g. Khabarovsk, Russia). (Ref. 0)


List of Habitats:1.1Forest - Boreal 1.4Forest - Temperate 1.6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 3.4Shrubland - Temperate 3.6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 4.4Grassland - Temperate 4.6Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded 5.1Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls ) 5.4Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands 5.5Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 5.7Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 5.8Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 13.4Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes 14.1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land 14.3Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations 14.4Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens 14.5Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas 15.1Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) 15.2Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) 15.3Artificial/Aquatic - Aquaculture Ponds 15.5Artificial/Aquatic - Excavations (open) 15.7Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels ) 15.8Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 29-Aug-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bufo

There are approximately 480 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

B. abatus · B. abei · B. achalensis · B. achavali · B. acutirostris · B. agua · B. ailaoanus · B. alatus · B. albicans · B. albifrons · B. alvarius (Colorado River Toad) · B. amabilis · B. amatolica · B. amatolicus (Amatola Toad) · B. amboroensis (Cochabamba Toad) · B. americana · B. americanus (American Toad) · B. americanus americanus (American Toad) · B. americanus charlesmithi (Dwarf American Toad) · B. americanus copei · B. americanus hemiophrys (Canadian Toad) · B. americanus x · B. americanus; · B. amieti · B. andersoni · B. andersonii · B. anderssoni · B. andrewsi · B. angusticeps · B. anotis · B. apolobambicus · B. arabicus · B. arborescandens · B. arenarum · B. arenarum arenarum · B. arenarum mendocinus · B. arenarun · B. arequipensis · B. arunco · B. asmarae · B. asper (Giant Indonesian Toad) · B. aspinius · B. atacamensis · B. atukoralei (Atukorale's Dwarf Toad) · B. aucoinae · B. azarae · B. bankorensis · B. baukorensis · B. baxteri (Wyoming Toad) · B. beddomii · B. beebei · B. beiranus · B. berghei · B. bergi · B. biporcatus (Philippine Toad) · B. biporcatus biporcatus · B. biporcatus divergens · B. biporcatus philippinicus · B. bisidanae · B. blanfordi · B. blanfordii · B. blombergi · B. bocourti · B. bocourtii · B. boreas (Boreal Toad) · B. boreas boreas (Boreal Toad) · B. boreas halophilus (California Toad) · B. brauni · B. brevipalmata · B. brevirostris · B. brongersmai · B. buchneri · B. bufo (Common Toad) · B. bufo asiaticus · B. bufo bufo · B. bufo formosus · B. bufo gargarizans · B. bufo gredosicola · B. bufo hokkaidoensis · B. bufo spinosus · B. bufo wrighti · B. burmanus · B. burti · B. caeruleostictus · B. calamita (Natterjack Toad) · B. californicus (Arroyo Southwestern Toad) · B. camerunensis · B. camerunensis camerunensis · B. camerunensis cameruniensis · B. camortensis · B. campbelli · B. canalifer · B. canaliferus · B. canorus (Yosemite Toad) · B. carens · B. castaneoticus · B. cataulaciceps · B. cavifrons · B. celebensis · B. ceratophrys

Bibliography

• Amphibian Data. For additional documentation about utilization and CITES status, click on the Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) link above to see the GAA account for this species or alternatively follow this link to the search function on the Global Amphibian Assessment web site and run your own search.
• Bannikov, A.G., Darevsky, I.S. and Rustamov, A.K. 1971 (1971). . Zemnovodnye i Presmykayushchiesya SSSR [Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR]. Moscow.
• Bannikov, A.G., Darevsky, I.S., Ishchenko, V.G., Rustamov, A.K. and Szczerbak, N.N. 1977. Opredelitel Zemnovodnykh i Presmykayushchikhsya Fauny SSSR [Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR Fauna]. Prosvechshenie, Moscow.
• Emelianov, A.A. 1944. Amfibii i Reptilii Sovetskogo Dalnego Vostoka [Amphibians and Reptiles of the Soviet Far East] D.Sc.Diss.
• Fei, L. et al (1999). Atlas of Amphibians of China. Beijing.
• Fei, L., Ye, C.-Y., Huang, Y.-A. and Liu, M.-Y. 1999. Atlas of Amphibians of China. Henan Science and Technical Press, Zhengzhou.
• Kuzmin, S.L. (1995). Die Amphibien Russlands und angrenzender Gebiete. Magdeburg - Heidelberg.
• Kuzmin, S.L. (1999). The amphibians of the former Soviet Union. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.
• Kuzmin, S.L. 1995. Die Amphibien Russlands und Angrenzender Gebiete. Westarp – Spektrum, Magdeburg - Heidelberg.
• Kuzmin, S.L. 1996. Threatened amphibians in the former Soviet Union: the current situation and the main threats. Oryx 30: 24-30.
• Kuzmin, S.L. 1999. The Amphibians of the Former Soviet Union. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.
• Kuzmin, S.L. Dodd Jr, C.K. and Pikulik, M.M. (eds) 1995. Amphibian Populations in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Current Status and Declines. Pensoft, Moscow.
• MacKinnon, J., Meng, S., Cheung, C., Carey, G., Zhu, X. and Melville, D. 1996. A Biodiversity Review of China. World Wide Fund for Nature International, Hong Kong.
• Maeda, N. and Matsui, M. 1999. Frogs and Toads of Japan. Revised edition. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan Co., Ltd, Tokyo.
• Maslova, I.V. 2001. Sravnitelnaya Kharakteristika Biologii Zemnovodnykh Yuzhnogo Primorya [Comparative Characterization of the Biology of Amphibians in the Southern Primorye]. PhD Dissertation, Vladivostok.
• Nikolsky, A.M (1918). Fauna of Russia and Adjacent Countries: Amphibians. Israel Progr. for Sci, Jerusalem.
• Sengoku, S., Hikida, T., Matsui, M. and Nakaya, K. 1996. The Encyclopedia of Animals in Japan. Volume 5. Amphibians, Reptiles, Chondrichthyes. Heibonsha Limited, Tokyo.
• Shannon, F.A. 1956. The reptiles and amphibians of Korea. Herpetologica 12(1): 22-49.
• Stejneger, L. (1907). Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territory. U.S.Natn.Mus.Bull
• Szyndlar, Z. 1984. A description of a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the People's Democratic Republic of Korea with notes on the distribution of the herpetofauna in that country. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(1): 1-18.
• Terentjev, P.V. and Chernov, S.A (1940). Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of USSR. Israel Progr. for Sci. Transl, Jerusalem.
• Won, H.G. (1971). Choson Ryangso Pyachyungryuchji [Amphibians and reptiles of Korea]. Pyongyong.
• Yang, S.-Y. and Yu, C.H. 1978. Checklist of Korean Amphibians. Bulletin Institute of Industrial Resources 5(5): 81-90.
• Ye, C., Fei, L., and Hu, S. (1993). Rare and Economic Amphibians of China. Sichuan House of Sci.and Technol, Chengdu.
• Ye, C.-Y, Fei, L. and Hu, S.Q. 1993. Rare and Economic Amphibians of China. Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu.
• Zhao, E. and Adler, K. (1993). Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford (Ohio).
• Zhao, E. and Zhao, H. (1994). Chinese Herpetological Literature. Publ. House Chengdu Univ. Sci. and Technol, Chengdu.
• Zhao, E.-M. and Adler, K. 1993. Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio.

More Info

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 6, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Kuzmin, S., Yuezhao, W., Matsui, M., Kaneko, Y. & Maslova, I. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 09, 2008:

• Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science: Chinese Institude of Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Herpetology Collection - Amphibian Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Chinese Institude of Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 6070933
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-661780
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 929333
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 661780
• IUCN ID: 54647
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 136421

Footnotes

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