Bubalus quarlesi

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [1].

Ecology: There is very little is known about the ecology and life history of the Anoas (Burton et al. 2005). This species is typically found in dense forest as opposed to more open subalpine habitats , and prefers habitats with dense understory vegetation (Foead 1992, Sugiharta 1994, G. Semiadi pers. comm. 2006). Mountain Anoas typically live near abundant water sources in areas with low human activity (Sugiharta 1994), and in the past there are records at sea level. Like other wild buffalo, Anoas wallow and bathe in pools of water and/or mud . It is probable that mineral springs or licks are also required, although Anoa are reported to drink seawater, which might fulfil their mineral needs in areas without licks or springs. The species is solitary and is a browser , feeding on grasses and other vegetation (Whitten et al. 1987, Foead 1992). The typical life span in captivity is reported to be 20 to 30 years, with age at sexual maturity at 2 to 3 years old (in captivity), with typically one offspring per year (NRC 1983, Jahja 1987), though in wild conditions this may be less.[1].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 22-Apr-2004

There is still debate about whether Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) and Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) are distinct species (Burton et al. 2005). Two phenotypes of anoa, characterized by body size, hair texture , horn shape , and presumably body colours have been used by certain authors to justify the existence of two species. However, transitory morphs suggest that the real relationships are more complex , and hardly understood. Sulawesi is a rather small territory, so the speciation patterns of a large mammal pose a riddle to systematists. An enormous underlying variability (outward appearance , anatomy , chromosomes, proteins, DNA) has hitherto precluded a convincing classification, or has questioned the validity of an approach to group anoa diversity into clear, reproducible types . Pattern-based classifications of zoo and museum specimens, most of which are devoid of reliable information as to their origin within Sulawesi, have always suffered from the later discovery of phenotypes with new combinations of supposedly diagnostic species characters.

The "transitory populations" probably do not represent "hybrids" of two species, but various degrees of genetic introgression, or even primary clines of diverging evolutionary lineages, and they could perhaps differ in different regions of Sulawesi, depending on the degree of gene flow , and the characters affected. At the present stage of insight, every regional anoa population should be considered worthy of conservation . The management units should at least be based on known origins from within Sulawesi, rather than on taxonomic schemes, which in the past have often proved incomplete .

The English common names of the two species relate to a still uncertain altitudinal separation (Groves 1969), with the large form (Lowland Anoa) inhabiting low-lying areas and the smaller form (Mountain Anoa) living at higher elevations (Burton et al. 2005).[1].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bubalus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species and subspecies in this genus:

B. arnee (Asian Buffalo) · B. bubalis (Domestic Water Buffalo) · B. depressicornis (Asiatic Buffaloes) · B. mephistopheles (Short-Horned Water Buffalo) · B. mindorensis (Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo) · B. quarlesi (Mountain Anoa)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 27.
• A global directory of tropical montane cloud forests. Draft WCMC url p. 220.
• Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES url p. 59.
• Annotated CITES appendices and reservations 1988 IUCN url p. 35.
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 100, p. 114, p. 185, p. 50.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 173, p. 62, p. 81.
• Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 94, p. 65.
• The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and the Pacific IUCN url p. 16.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 624.
• World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 97.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Semiadi, G., Burton, J., Schreiber, A. & Mustari, A.H. 2008. Bubalus quarlesi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-625124
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 625124
• IUCN ID: 196191
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A00H
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2574

Footnotes

1. Semiadi, G., Burton, J., Schreiber, A. & Mustari, A.H. 2008. Bubalus quarlesi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.