Bonasa umbellus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Found in woods patched with openings.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,800 meters (0 to 12,467 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.1 Forest - Boreal 1.4 Forest - Temperate

Biology

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Plant Matter. Lesser Quantities of: Insects

Reproduction

Nests from mid-April to early July.

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Clutch Size: 9-12
• Length of Incubation : 23-24 (21-28) days
• Days to Fledge : 10-12
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Nonmigratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 06-Aug-2005.

Similar Species

Spruce Grouse, Blue Grouse

Members of the genus Bonasa

There are approximately 25 species in this genus:

B. bonasia (Hazel Grouse) · B. bonasia bonasia (Hazel Grouse) · B. bonasia rupestris · B. bonasia vicinitas · B. bonasia volgensis · B. sewerzowi (Severtzov's Hazel Grouse) · B. umbellus (Shoulder-Knot Grouse) · B. umbellus affinis · B. umbellus brunnescens (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus castanea (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus incana (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus intergrade · B. umbellus labradorensis · B. umbellus mediana (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus medianus · B. umbellus monticola (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus obscura · B. umbellus phaia (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus phaios · B. umbellus sabini (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus togata (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus umbelloides (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus umbellus (Shoulder-Knot Grouse) · B. umbellus x · B. umbellus yukonensis (Ruffed Grouse)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 211, p. 212, p. 28.
• A catalogue of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams, both native and introduced, found within about thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., including a few cultivated species, to which is appended a list of vertebrate animals of the same region. By Henry Je [Hanover?]Printed for the Author, 1891. ENG url p. 68.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker Charles S. Roy and Robert W. Shufeldt London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 394.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 249, p. 353.
• A hand-book to the game-birds / by W.R. Ogilvie-Grant. London: E. Lloyd, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 71, p. 71.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 446, p. 448, p. 453, p. 454.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 197, p. 623, p. 627, p. 628.
• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 140, p. 141, p. 145, p. 152.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 551, p. 605.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 295, p. 421, p. 438.
• Annual report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forests of the State of New York. [Albany, N.Y.: The Commission, 1896-1900] ENG url p. 310.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 222, p. 67.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 29.
• Audubon and his journals, by Maria R. Audubon. With zoical and other notes by Elliott Coues. New York, Scribner's Sons, 1897. ENG url p. 401, p. 531.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Bibliographia zoologica. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1896-1934. MUL url p. 268.
• Bio-ecology, by Frederic E. Clements and Victor E. Shelford New York, J. Wiley and Sons, inc.;1939. ENG url p. 359.
• Bird homes: the nests, eggs, and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / by A. Radclyffe Dugmore; illustrated with photographs from nature by the author. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905. ENG url p. 53.
• Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York: Appleton, 1900. ENG url p. 101, p. 190.
• Bird-life; a guide to the study of our common birds, by Frank M. Chapman, with plates and text drawings by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York, D. Appleton and co., 1899. ENG url p. 264.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 194.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds / by Mabel Osgood Wright. ..; with eighty full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. New York: Macmillan Co., c1897. ENG url p. 315.
• Birds and nature in natural colors: being a scientific and popular treatise on four hundred birds of the United States and Canada. Chicago: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1913-1914. ENG url p. 58.
• Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson and Charles Ely. Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- ENG url p. 171, p. 396.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam Washington, D. C., 1898. ENG url p. 150, p. 197.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 108.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. ENG url p. 680, p. 703.
• Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. ENG url p. 420, p. 421, p. 422, p. 423, p. 424.
• Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. ENG url p. 319.
• Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush, by Austin C. Apgar. New York, American book company[c1898] ENG url p. 399.
• Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners, by Florence A. Merriam. Illustrated. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898. ENG url p. 400.
• Birds. With the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. ENG url p. 629, p. 630, p. 925.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 10, p. 108, p. 141, p. 151, p. 155, p. 160, p. 161, p. 163, p. 166, p. 166, p. 168, p. 169, p. 170, p. 171, p. 171, p. 173, p. 174, p. 175, p. 177, p. 177, p. 178, p. 179, p. 181, p. 182, p. 184, p. 185, p. 186, p. 187, p. 229, p. 239, p. 244, p. 31, p. 41, p. 465, p. 466, p. 467, p. 471, p. 472, p. 474, p. 475, p. 479, p. 481, p. 483, p. 484, p. 488, p. 489, p. 49, p. 490, p. 60, p. 75, p. 93.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 111.
• Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France. Paris: La Société, FRE url p. 201.
• Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. ENG url p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 29.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 214.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 121, p. 128, p. 153, p. 186, p. 23, p. 43, p. 89, p. 90, p. 91.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 156, p. 171, p. 181, p. 189, p. 191, p. 237, p. 403, p. 654.
• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- ENG url p. 136.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 37, p. 59, p. 87, p. 97.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History and including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Chicago, 1918- ENG url p. 215, p. 216, p. 217, p. 218.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 862.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 558, p. 86.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 29.
• Catalogue of the specimens illustrating the osteology of vertebrated animals, recent and extinct, contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London, 1891. ENG url p. 401.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 401, p. 439, p. 515, p. 521, p. 522, p. 81.
• Check-list of North American birds: according to the canons of nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union. [s.l.]: The Union, 1889. ENG url p. 26.
• College zoology [by] Robert W. Hegner [and] Karl A. Stiles. New York, Macmillan[1959] ENG url p. 461.
• College zoology, by Robert W. Hegner. New York, The Macmillan company, 1912. ENG url p. 606.
• Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1903. ENG url p. 292.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 178, p. 217.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 93.
• Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 77.
• First report of the Michigan Academy of Science: covering the time from the organization of the Academy in 1894 to June 30, 1899 / by Walter B. Barrows; prepared under the direction of the Council. Lansing, Mich.: R. Smith, 1900. ENG url p. 165.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 6, p. 7, p. 90.
• Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Editorial board: editor-in-chief John Tee-Van [and others] New Haven, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., 1948- ENG url p. 488, p. 611.
• Fleas of eastern United States, by Irving Fox Ames, Ia., The Iowa State College Press, 1940. ENG url p. 51.
• Fleas, flukes and cuckoos; a study of bird parasites, by Miriam Rothschild and Theresa Clay. New York, Macmillan, 1957. ENG url p. 231, p. 303.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 224.
• Handbook of field and general ornithology; a manual of the structure and classification of birds, with instructions for collecting and preserving specimens. London, Macmillan, 1890. ENG url p. 142.
• Henrici's molds, yeasts, and actinomycetes: a handbook for students of bacteriology / By Charles E. Skinner, Chester W. Emmons [and] Henry M. Tsuchiya. New York: J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.; [1947] ENG url p. 207.
• History of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Illustrating 529 birds. Topeka, Kan., G. W. Crane, 1891. ENG url p. 223.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. ENG url p. 191, p. 64.
• Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde. Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, GER url p. 219.
• Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. ENG url p. 61.
• Katalog der Vogelsammlung in Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, von Ernst Hartert. Abgeschlossen Mitte Januar 1891. Frankfurt a.M., Knauer, 1891. GER url p. 192.
• Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen Boston, Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850. ENG url p. 384.
• Le Naturaliste canadien. Neufchâtel, QC: Éditions, l'Ardoise [etc.] FRE url p. 247.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 171, p. 189, p. 202, p. 350, p. 404.
• Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston[Boston Society of Natural History]1862-1878. ENG url p. 526.
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. ENG url p. 224, p. 797.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 162, p. 165, p. 19, p. 27, p. 41.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 315, p. 747.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann and Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 144, p. 145.
• Norsk ornithologisk tidsskrift. Stavanger. NOR url p. 239.
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1904. ENG url p. 336.
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. ENG url p. 816, p. 817, p. 818, p. 819, p. 820, p. 821, p. 822, p. 823.
• Ornithologist and oist. Pawtucket, R.I. ENG url p. 181, p. 6, p. 80.
• Ornithology and oy of New England: containing full descriptions of the birds of New England, and adjoining states and provinces by Edward A. Samuels. Boston, Nichols and Noyes, 1867. ENG url p. 388, p. 396.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 30.
• Photoperiodism and related phenomena in plants and animals; proceedings, edited by Robert B. Withrow, with the cooperation of Arthur C. Giese [and others]. Washington, 1959. ENG url p. 879.
• Postilla. New Haven, Peabody Museum of Natural History, 1950-2004. ENG url p. 14.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 23, p. 475, p. 579, p. 79.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 193.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 411.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 162, p. 183, p. 199, p. 406, p. 489, p. 51, p. 535, p. 557, p. 570, p. 579, p. 617, p. 624, p. 628, p. 73.
• Protozoan parasites of domestic animals and of man. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1961] ENG url p. 397.
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1900-1904. ENG url p. 165.
• Report of the State Zo©logist. Minneapolis. ENG url p. 160, p. 452, p. 469.
• Report upon natural history collections made in Alaska between the years 1877 and 1881 / by Edward W. Nelson. Ed. by Henry W. Henshaw. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.1887. ENG url p. 34.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
• Sex and internal secretions. Contributors: A. Albert [and others] Foreword by George W. Corner. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1961. ENG url p. 1360, p. 1361.
• Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1848-1916. ENG url p. 418, p. 439, p. 59, p. 68.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 12, p. 196, p. 216, p. 3, p. 52, p. 58.
• Soft-rayed Bony fishes: class Osteichthyes, order Acipenseroidei, order Lepisostei, order Isospondyli, suborder Elopoidea, suborder Clupeoidea, suborder Salmonoidea / Henry B. Bigelow [et al.]. New Haven, Conn.: Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, 1963. ENG url p. 488, p. 611.
• Teachers' manual of bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1899. ENG url p. 190.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 123, p. 162, p. 179, p. 62, p. 63.
• The Canadian naturalist and geologist. Montreal, Dawson. ENG url p. 149, p. 443.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 281, p. 632, p. 731.
• The Nautilus. [Melbourne, Fla., etc., American Malacologists, inc., etc.] ENG url p. 138.
• The Osprey. Galesburg, Ill.: The Osprey Co., 1897-1902. ENG url p. 152.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. ENG url p. 125, p. 132, p. 161, p. 171, p. 27, p. 89.
• The Quarterly journal of the Boston Zoological Society. Boston: The Society, 1881- ENG url p. 57.
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1915. ENG url p. 182.
• The birds of Connecticut, by John Hall Sage and Louis Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss. Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. ENG url p. 271.
• The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Chicago, 1909. ENG url p. 137, p. 436, p. 436, p. 726, p. 752, p. 752.
• The birds of New England and adjacent states: containing descriptions of the birds of New England, and adjoining states and provinces, arranged by a long-approved classification and nomenclature with illustrations of many species of the birds By Edwa Boston: Noyes, Holmes, and company, 1875. ENG url p. 396, p. 589.
• The birds of Ohio; a complete scientific and popular description of the 320 species of birds found in the state. With introd. and analytical keys by Lynds Jones; illustrated with photos. taken by the author and others. Columbus, Wheaton Pub. Co., 1903. ENG url p. 433, p. 652.
• The birds of Ontario; being a concise account of every species of bird known to have been found in Ontario with a description of their nests and eggs and instructions for collecting birds and preparing and preserving skins By Thomas McIlwraith. London, T. F. Unwin, 1894. ENG url p. 174, p. 175.
• The birds of Wyoming / By Wilbur C. Knight. Laramie, Wyo.: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1902. ENG url p. 107.
• The birds of Wyoming, with an explanation of recent changes in their distribution; economic aspect also considered. By B. H. Grave and Ernest P. Walker. [Laramie]University of Wyoming, 1913. ENG url p. 39.
• The birds of eastern North America known to occur east of the nineteenth meridian by Charles B. Cory Chicago, Printed for the Field Columbian Museum [by A. Mudge], 1899. ENG url p. 351.
• The birds of eastern North America: known to occur east of the ninetieth meridian / by Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1899. ENG url p. 351.
• The book of birds; common birds of town and country and American game birds, by Henry W. Henshaw; illustrated in natural colors with 250 paintings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Washington, D.C., National geographic society[1921] ENG url p. 55.
• The book of woodcraft and Indian lore. Garden City, N.Y.Doubleday, Page, 1912. ENG url p. 554.
• The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. ENG url p. 172.
• The game birds of North America; a descriptive checklist, by Frank A. Bates. Boston, B. Whidden, 1896. ENG url p. 103.
• The land-birds and game-birds of New England; with descriptions of the birds, their nests and eggs, their habits and notes, with illustrations; by H. D. Minot Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1895. ENG url p. 406, p. 490.
• The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. By John Keast Lord London, R. Bentley, 1866. ENG url p. 39.
• The naturalist's guide in collecting and preserving objects of natural history: with a complete catalogue of the birds of the eastern Massachusetts / by C.J. Maynard; with illustrations by E.L. Weeks. Boston: Osgood, 1873, c1870. ENG url p. 138.
• The oist. Albion, N.Y.: Frank H. Lattin, 1886-1941. ENG url p. 114, p. 125, p. 181, p. 224, p. 42, p. 7, p. 86, p. 91.
• The ornithology of Illinois / [by Robert Ridgway and S.A. Forbes]. Springfield, Ill., H.W. Rokker, printer, 1889-1895. ENG url p. 24, p. 27, p. 8.
• The ornithology of Illinois. Part I. Descriptive catalogue. By Robert Ridgway. Part II. Economic ornithology. By S. A. Forbes. Pub. by the authority of the state Legislature. Springfield, Ill., H. W. Rokker, printer, 1889-95. ENG url p. 24, p. 8.
• The ruffed grouse, its life story, ecology and management, by Frank C. Edminster. New York, The Macmillan company, 1947. ENG url p. 253, p. 312, p. 7.
• The ruffed grouse; life history, propagation, management, by Gardiner Bump [and others] With 4 paintings in full color by Fred. Everett and 127 sketches by Clayton B. Seagears and Fred. Everett. [Albany?]1947. ENG url p. 47, p. 892, p. 899.
• The sport of bird-study / by Herbert Keightley Job; profusely illustrated with photographs from life by the author. New York: Macmillan, 1922, c1908. ENG url p. 296.
• The transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. St. Louis: The Academy, 1860-1958. ENG url p. 268.
• Transactions - The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences; distributed by Archon Books, Hamden, Conn. [etc.], 1866- ENG url p. 141, p. 145, p. 344, p. 523.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 268.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- ENG url p. 168, p. 262, p. 27.
• Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature. Baltimore: The Academy, 1837. ENG url p. 296, p. 375.
• Transactions of the Scientific Association, Meriden, Conn. [Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Association], 1885. ENG url p. 36.
• Tulane studies in zoology. New Orleans, Tulane University. ENG url p. 91.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 101, p. 199, p. 320, p. 612, p. 618, p. 626, p. 635, p. 673.
• Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern. M: E. Reinhardt, 1904-1989. GER url p. 216.
• Wake-robin / by John Burroughs. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, c1899. ENG url p. 230.
• Wood notes wild, notations of bird music; by Simeon Pease Cheney...Collected and arranged, with appendix, notes, bibliography and general index, by John Vance Cheney. Boston, Lee and Shepard, 1892. ENG url p. 247, p. 92.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. Bonasa umbellus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 08, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 08, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Alberta: University of Alberta Ornithology Collection
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3854599
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-677669
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13852038
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175790
• IUCN ID: 47088
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNLC11010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7242

Footnotes

1. Mean = 561.680 meters (1,842.782 feet), Standard Deviation = 708.770 based on 19,386 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.