Bonasa umbellus

History:

• 1988-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004)
• 1994-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004)
• 2000-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000)

Justification

This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 8,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 8,300,000 individuals (Rich et al. 2003). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Taxonomy

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 06-Aug-2005.

Physical Description

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

North America

Habitat

Found in woods patched with openings.

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Plant Matter. Lesser Quantities of: Insects

Reproduction

Nests from mid-April to early July.

• Breeding Habitat: Woodland
• Clutch Size: 9-12
• Length of Incubation: 23-24 (21-28) days
• Days to Fledge: 10-12
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Nonmigratory

Similar Species

Spruce Grouse, Blue Grouse

Members of the genus Bonasa:

There are approximately 32 species and subspecies in this genus: B. bonasia amurensis · B. bonasia bonasia · B. bonasia griseonota · B. bonasia rupestris · B. bonasia sibiricus · B. bonasia ssp · B. bonasia vicinitas · B. bonasia volgensis · B. umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus affinis · B. umbellus brunnescens (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus castanea (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus incana (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus incanus · B. umbellus intergrade · B. umbellus labradorensis · B. umbellus mediana (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus medianus · B. umbellus monticola (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus obscura · B. umbellus phaia (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus phaios · B. umbellus sabina · B. umbellus sabini (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus sibini · B. umbellus ssp · B. umbellus thayeri · B. umbellus togata (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus umbelloides (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) · B. umbellus x · B. umbellus yukonensis (Ruffed Grouse)

Bibliography

• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)

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Notes

Contributors:

• BirdLife International 2004. Bonasa umbellus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 08, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 08, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Alberta: University of Alberta Ornithology Collection
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175790
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 237129
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNLC11010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7242