Boloria freija

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Nymphalidae

'The Nymphalidae are members of the Superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults vary in size from small to large, and their front legs are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing shape is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins (anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed on sap flows , rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit perching and patrolling behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying varies widely, as some species lay eggs in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter as larvae or adults.

'[1]

Subfamily Heliconiinae

Longwings are members of the Family Nymphalidae. They are richest in the tropics, but several genera are prominent in the Northern Hermisphere, including the fritillaries or silverspots and the lesser fritillaries. The adults of several species are distasteful, and many other species mimic the distasteful butterflies of this subfamily . Adults are long-lived, with some as long as six months. Males patrol in search of females. The adults of genus Heliconius are unique in that they intentionally collect pollen in their proboscis and then absorb its proteins.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Open bogs , taiga, tundra , edges of open black spruce bogs, pine forests .

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,925 meters (0 to 12,877 feet).[3]

Biology

Diet

Caterpillar hosts: Dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium caespitosum) and other plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). Adult food: Flower nectar.

Reproduction

Males patrol for females in open areas during warm hours. Females lay eggs on or near the host plants . Caterpillars feed on leaves; fourth-stage caterpillars overwinter .

Behavior

Flight: One brood from late May to mid-July.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: June 24, 1996.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Boloria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 54 species and subspecies in this genus:

B. acrocnema (Uncompahgre Fritillary Butterfly) · B. alaskensis (Mountain Fritillary) · B. alberta (Alberta Fritillary) · B. aquilonaris (Cranberry Fritillary) · B. astarte (Astarte Fritillary) · B. astarte astarte (Astarte Fritillary) · B. astarte distincta (Astarte Fritillary) · B. bellona (Meadow Fritillary) · B. bellona bellona (Meadow Fritillary) · B. bellona jenistae (Meadow Fritillary) · B. bellona toddi (Meadow Fritillary) · B. chariclea (Arctic Fritillary) · B. chariclea arctica (Artic Fritillary) · B. chariclea butleri (Butler's Fritillary) · B. chariclea grandis (Artic Fritillary) · B. chariclea montinus (White Mountain Fritillary) · B. chariclea rainieri (Tacoma Arctic Fritillary) · B. epithore (Pacific Fritillary) · B. epithore chermocki (Chermock's Meadow Fritillary) · B. eunomia (Bog Fritillary) · B. eunomia dawsoni (Bog Fritillary) · B. eunomia denali (Bog Fritillary) · B. eunomia triclaris (Triclaris Fritillary) · B. eunomia ursadentis (Bog Fritillary) · B. freija (Freija Fritillary) · B. freija freija (Freija Fritillary) · B. freija tarquinius (Northern Fritillary) · B. frigga (Frigga Fritillary) · B. frigga saga (Saga Fritillary) · B. improba (Dingy Fritillary) · B. improba acrocnema (Uncompahgre Fritillary) · B. improba harryi (Dingy Arctic Fritillary) · B. kriemhild (Relict Fritillary) · B. montinus (Purplish Fritillary) · B. montinus grandis (Purplish Fritillary) · B. napaea (Mountain Fritillary) · B. natazhati (Cryptic Fritillary) · B. natazhati bankslandia (Natazhati Fritillary) · B. natazhati nabokovi (Natazhati Fritillary) · B. natazhati natazhati (Natazhati Fritillary) · B. pales (Shepherd's Fritillary) · B. pales pales (Shepherd's Fritillary) · B. polaris (Polaris Fritillary) · B. selene (Silver-Bordered Fritillary) · B. selene atrocostalis (Dark-Bordered Fritillary) · B. selene myrina (Myrina Fritillary) · B. selene nebraskensis (Nebraska Fritillary) · B. selene sabulocollis (Kohler's Fritillary) · B. selene selene (Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary) · B. selene terraenova (Silver Bordered Fritillary) · B. selene terraenovae (Silver-Bordered Fritillary) · B. selene tollandensis (Tolland Fritillary) · B. selenis (Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary) · B. titania boisduvalii (Purple Lesser Fritillary)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Butterflies and moths of Newfoundland and Labrador: the macrolepidoptera / [Ottawa]: Agriculture Canada, 1980. url p. 275, p. 310.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 120, p. 18.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 18.
• The Lepidopterists' news: the monthly newsletter of the Lepidopterists' Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Lepidopterists' Society, 1947-1958. url p. 91, p. 94.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Alan Wormington Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Butterflies and Skippers of Alberta Project
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Canadian National Collection
• of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Donald F. Hooper Butterfly collection, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Gerald Hilchie Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Lyman Entomological Museum
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, M. Gollop Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, McMaster University Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Memorial University Department of Biology Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, New Brunswick Museum Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Norbert Kondla Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Northern Forestry Centre Arthropod Collection, Edmonton
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, Halifax, NS, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ross A. Layberry Observations
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum Entomology Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal Ontario Museum: Entomology
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Spencer Entomological Museum
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, University of New Brunswick Collection
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, University of Saskatchewan
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norwegian Lepidoptera collection, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Bugs
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, Kenelm W. Philip Lepidoptera Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Entomology Collection
• University of Alberta Museums, University of Alberta Lepidoptera Collection
• University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Biology, Lepidoptera collection of Hannu Saarenmaa
• University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Biology, Lepidopterological Society of Finland

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2602970
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-188575
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 188575
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: IILEPJ7100
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 16227

Footnotes

1. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=18&sci=Nymphalidae&com=Brush-footed Butterflies [back]
2. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Freija&search=Search [back]
3. Mean = 536.740 meters (1,760.958 feet), Standard Deviation = 534.110 based on 1,102 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.