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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Habitat
• Diet
• Behavior
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
• Keep Exploring

Taxonomy

Ambiguous Synonyms:

1. Lepidaplois hirsutus (non Lacepède, 1801)

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Bodianus bilunulatus subsp. bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
2. Cossyphus albotaeniatus Valenciennes, 1839
3. Labrus bilunulatus Lacepède, 1801

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name.

Family: Wrasses.

Physical Description

Family Labridae:

Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. Protrusible mouth. Most jaw teeth with gaps between them; teeth usually jutting outward. Dorsal fin 8-21 spines (usually less than15), 6-21 soft rays. Anal fin 4-6 spines (often 3), 7-18 soft rays. Cycloid scales, generally large to moderate, 25-80 along the side (may be small and over 100 if small. Lateral line interrupted or continuous. Vertebrae 23-42. Snout elongated in the genus Gomphosus. Size, shape and color very diversified. Most species are sand burrowers; carnivores on benthic invertebrates; also planktivores, and some small species remove ectoparasites of larger fishes. Most species change color and sex with growth, from an initial phase (IP) of both males and females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase (TP). Males dominate several females; all Indo-Pacific species are pelagic spawners. Most species do well in aquaria, and young Coris are particularly popular. Maximum length about 2.3 m, many are less than 15 cm, the shortest being 4.5 cm. Medium to large species are important food fishes.

The family Labridae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 60 genera and 500 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Many members of this family are used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is labriform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name: Latin, labrum = furious

Images:

Distribution

Aquatic Regions

Indo-West Pacific: disjunct distribution including one area from the western Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and a second area including Hawaii and southern Polynesia, Line Islands to Pitcairn and west to Samoa.

Range and Population

Indo-West Pacific: disjunct distribution including one area from the western Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and a second area including Hawaii and southern Polynesia, Line Islands to Pitcairn and west to Samoa.

Habitat

Occurs on deep reef slopes rich with invertebrates such as sponges and seawhips, but young adults are occasionally seen much shallower^[1]. May be found at depths of 8 to 160 meters.

Biome

Saltwater. Reef-associated.

Diet

Feeds mainly on benthic, hard-shelled, invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans.

Behavior

Usually solitary in coral and rocky reefs.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bodianus:

There are approximately 66 species and subspecies in this genus: B. albimaculatus · B. albotaeniastus · B. albotaeniatus · B. anthiodes · B. anthioides (Bronzehead Hogfish) · B. axilaris · B. axillaris (Axil Hogfish) · B. bilunalatus · B. bilunnulatus · B. bilunulatus (Blackspot Wrasse) · B. bilunulatus albotaeniatus (Blackspot Wrasse) · B. bilunulatus bilunulatus · B. bimaculatus (Two-Spot Slender Hogfish) · B. cylindriatus · B. cylindricus · B. diana (Diana's Hogfish) · B. dictynna · B. diplotaenia (Mexican Hogfish) · B. diplotaenius · B. diplotremis · B. eclancheri (Brown Hogfish) · Pentapodus trivittatus · B. flavifrons · B. flavipinnis · B. frenchi · B. frenchii (Foxfish) · B. fulvus · B. fulvus punctatus · Cephalopholis argus · B. hirsutus (Eclipse Wrasse) · B. insularis (Island Hogfish) · B. izuensis · B. jaguar · B. leucosticticus (Lined Hogfish) · B. loxozonus (Blackfin Hogfish) · B. loxozonus loxozonus · B. macrognathos (Giant Hogfish) · B. macrourus (Black-Banded Hogfish) · B. macrurus · B. masudai · B. mesothorax (Black-Belt Hogfish) · B. mordax · B. neilli (Bay of Bengal Hogfish) · B. opercularis (Blackspot Hogfish) · B. oxycephalus (Blackspot Pigfish) · B. paraleucosticticus · B. perditio (Golden-Spot Hogfish) · B. perdito · B. prognathus · B. puchellus (Blackbar Blenny) · B. pulchellus (Hogfish) · B. pulchelus · B. rufa · B. rufus (Dogfish) · B. sanguineus · B. scrofa (Barred Hogfish) · B. speciosus (Blackbar Hogfish) · B. spilonotus · B. tanyokidus · B. thoracotaeniatus · B. trilineatus (Fourline Hogfish) · B. unimaculatus (Pigfish) · B. vulpinus · B. insularis · B. insularis · B. insularis

Bibliography

• Anderson, R.C., J.E. Randall and R.H. Kuiter (1998). New records of fishes from the Maldive Islands, with notes on other species. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 67(2):20-36.
• Conlu, P.V. (1986). Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Fishes. Volume IX. Natural Resources Management Center, Quezon City. 495 p.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
• Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga (1990). Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salob
• Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. and P.J. Kailola (1984). Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Fe
• Gomon, M.F. and J.E. Randall (1984). Labridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2.
• Honebrink, R. (1990). Fishing in Hawaii: a student manual. Education Program, Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii. 79 p.
• Huang, Z. (2001). Marine species and their distribution in China's Seas. pp. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p.
• Kailola, P.J. (1987). The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea.
• Lacepède, B.G.E. (1801). Histoire naturelle des poissons. Plassan, Paris. 3:558 p.
• Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino (1984). The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1 (text). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text), 370 pls.
• McCormack, G. (2000). Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase.
• Miyasaka, A. (1993). A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii.
• Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.
• Ni, I-H and K-Y Kwok (1999). Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.
• Parenti, Paola, and John E. Randall 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the Labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, no. 68. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, South Africa. 97.
• Randall, J.E. (1973). Expedition to Pitcairn. Oceans 6(2):12-21.
• Randall, J.E. (1986). Labridae. p. 683-706. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Randall, J.E. (1997). Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished.
• Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle (1997). Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74.
• Shen, S.C. (ed.) (1993). Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
• Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers (1996). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p.
• Van Der Elst, R. (1993). A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.) Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.
• Westneat, M.W. (2001). Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes. p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific
• Winterbottom, R. and R.C. Anderson (1997). A revised checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. Smith. Inst. (66):1-28.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 7, 2006.
• Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• Westneat, Mark (from FishBase).

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2003) (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SeamountsOnline (seamount biota)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
• National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 170485
• Fishbase Species ID: 6580
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 112495
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 104804

Footnotes:

1. Kuiter, R. H. and Tonozuka (2001). Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidar - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 304-622 p.