Argynnis niobe

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Nymphalidae

'The Nymphalidae are members of the Superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults vary in size from small to large, and their front legs are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing shape is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins (anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed on sap flows , rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit perching and patrolling behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying varies widely, as some species lay eggs in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter as larvae or adults.

'[1]

Subfamily Heliconiinae

Longwings are members of the Family Nymphalidae. They are richest in the tropics, but several genera are prominent in the Northern Hermisphere, including the fritillaries or silverspots and the lesser fritillaries. The adults of several species are distasteful, and many other species mimic the distasteful butterflies of this subfamily . Adults are long-lived, with some as long as six months. Males patrol in search of females. The adults of genus Heliconius are unique in that they intentionally collect pollen in their proboscis and then absorb its proteins.[2]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 989 meters (0 to 3,245 feet).[3]

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Argynnis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. adippe (High Brown Fritillary) · A. adippe adippe (High Brown Fritillary) · A. aglaja (Dark Green Fritillary) · A. cybele (Great Spangled Fritillary) · A. elisa (Corsican Fritillary) · A. laodice (Eastern Silverstripe) · A. lathonia (Queen of Spain Fritillary) · A. niobe (Niobe Fritillary) · A. pandora (Mediterranean Fritillary) · A. paphia (Silver-Washed Fritillary) · A. paphia paphia (Silver-Washed Fritillary)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A hand-book to the order Lepidoptera. By W.F. Kirby. .. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url , , p. 62.
• A handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward Meyrick. London, Macmillan, 1895. url p. 329.
• A handbook to the order Lepidoptera. By W. F. Kirby. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url , , p. 62.
• Abstract of proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London [Eng.]: South London Entomological and Natural History Society, [1885-1896] url p. 60.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 67.
• Bibliography (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill.: C.A. Bridges, c1993. url p. 348.
• Biodiversity trends and threats in Europe: development and test of a species trend indicator RIVM, UNEP-WCMC url p. 44.
• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url p. 95.
• Forests and forestry of northern Russia and lands beyond / comp. by John Croumbie Brown. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd; [etc., etc.]1884- url p. 265.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url , p. 270, p. 562, p. 645.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url , , , .
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 302.
• Larva collecting and breeding: a handbook to the larvae of the British Macro-Lepidoptera and their food plants: both in nature and in confinement, with authorities / by J. Seymour St. John. London: W. Wesley, 1890 url p. 3.
• Museum bulletin / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 67.
• Nature. London, etc., Macmillan Journals Ltd., etc. url , , p. 526.
• Polskie pismo entomologiczne = Polish journal of entomology = Bulletin entomologique de Pologne Warszawa [etc.]Panstwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. url p. 161, p. 83.
• Proceedings and transactions of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London: The Society. url p. 46.
• Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London [Eng]: South London Entomological and Natural history Society, [1897-1933] url p. 102, p. 105, p. 110, p. 111, p. 122, p. 123, p. 131, p. 149, p. 21, p. 49, p. 78, p. 91, p. 94, p. 97.
• Science progress. London: Scientific Press, [1894-1898] url p. 556.
• Science-gossip. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn, [1894]-1902. url p. 138, p. 314, p. 6.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] url , p. 20, p. 44, p. 47, p. 48.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url p. 103, p. 103, p. 105, p. 106, p. 106, p. 113, p. 126, p. 130, p. 137, p. 139, p. 14, p. 15, p. 155, p. 180, p. 186, p. 187, p. 194, p. 197, p. 198, p. 201, p. 202, p. 209, p. 21, p. 210, p. 211, p. 224, p. 226, p. 229, p. 233, p. 259, p. 26, p. 260, p. 260, p. 264, p. 264, p. 277, p. 278, p. 281, p. 283, p. 29, p. 298, p. 302, p. 303, p. 319, p. 33, p. 336, p. 34, p. 344, p. 349, p. 350, p. 358, p. 37, p. 42, p. 45, p. 54, p. 59, p. 6, p. 72, p. 79, p. 82, p. 83, p. 87, p. 87, p. 92, p. 92, p. 94.
• The Entomologist. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., [1877- url , , p. 112, p. 119, p. 128, p. 155, p. 155, p. 207, p. 207, p. 209, p. 209, p. 21, p. 211, p. 211, p. 211, p. 223, p. 223, p. 228, p. 232, p. 262, p. 269, p. 274, p. 287, p. 292, p. 294, p. 295, p. 298, p. 302, p. 309, p. 310, p. 312, p. 324, p. 35, p. 359, p. 46, p. 46, p. 47, p. 59, p. 82, p. 9.
• The Macrolepidoptera of the world; a systematic description of the hitherto known Macrolepidoptera, ed. in collaboration with well-known specialists. Stuttgart: Seitz'schen (Kernen), 1906- url p. 237.
• The book of British butterflies. London, L.U. Gill, 1893. url p. 75.
• The book of British butterflies: a practical manual for collectors and naturalists / by W.J. Lucas; with illustrations by the author London: L. Upcott Gill, 1893 url p. 75.
• The collected scientific papers of the late William Alexander Forbes, Edited by F. E. Beddard. With a preface by P. L. Sclater. London, R.H. Porter, 1885. url p. 102, p. 30.
• Works on forestry [by] J.C. Brown. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd; [etc., etc.]1883-87. url p. 265.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 40.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 17, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, The Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Poland
• SysTax, Lobbecke Museum Dusseldorf
• SysTax, SysTax
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Bugs
• University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Biology, Lepidoptera collection of Hannu Saarenmaa

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5596510
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 799163

Footnotes

1. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=18&sci=Nymphalidae&com=Brush-footed Butterflies [back]
2. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Freija&search=Search [back]
3. Mean = 63.650 meters (208.825 feet), Standard Deviation = 100.540 based on 480 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.