Ardea alba

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: freshwater marshes, saltwater and brackish marshes, coastal sand beaches and mudflats, coastal rocky beaches, freshwater lakes and ponds • Maximum Elevation: 1,500 meters • Foraging Strata: Water • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 384 meters (1,258 feet).[1]

Biology

Diet

Mostly: Aquatic Invertebrates Fish. Lesser quantities of reptiles , amphibians , and small mammals.

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 23-26 days
• Days to Fledge : 42-49
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Some migrate

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 18-Jan-2005.

Similar Species

Great Blue Heron, Snowy Egret, Reddish Egret, Little Blue Heron, Cattle Egret.

Cattle Egret is smaller, more compact, with shorter bill and legs, thick head. Snowy Egret is smaller with black bill and yellow feet.

Members of the genus Ardea

There are approximately 90 species in this genus:

A. affinis · A. alba (Great White Egret) · A. alba alba (Great White Egret) · A. alba egretta · A. alba melanorhynchos · A. alba modesta · A. albolineata · A. ardesiaca · A. aruensis · A. asha · A. atricapilla · A. atricollis · A. bournei · A. bubulcus · A. caboga · A. calceolata · A. candidissima · A. carunculata · A. ciconia · A. cinera · A. cinerea (European Blue Heron) · A. cinerea cinerea (European Blue Heron) · A. cinerea firasa · A. cinerea jouyi · A. cinerea monicae · A. cinerea rectirostris · A. cinerea ssp · A. cocoi (White-Necked Heron) · A. comata · A. egretta · A. flavirostris · A. garzetta · A. goliath (Goliath Heron) · A. grayii · A. gularis · A. heodias · A. herodias (Northwestern Coast Heron) · A. herodias adoxa · A. herodias cognata · A. herodias fannini (Pacific Great Blue Heron) · A. herodias herodias (Northwestern Coast Heron) · A. herodias hyperonca (Great Blue Heron) · A. herodias occidentalis (Great White Heron) · A. herodias sanctilucae (Great Blue Heron) · A. herodias treganzai (Great Blue Heron) · A. herodias wardi (Great Blue Heron) · A. humbloti (Madagascar Heron) · A. ibis · A. ibis coromanda · A. imperialis (White-Bellied Heron) · A. insignis (White-Bellied Heron) · A. intermedia · A. intermedia intermedia · A. javanica · A. jugularis · A. lentiginosus · A. lepida · A. leuconotus · A. maguari · A. melanocephala (Black-Headed Heron) · A. melanorhynchos · A. minuta · A. modesta · A. nebulosa · A. nigra · A. nigripes · A. novaehollandiae · A. nycticorax · A. occidentalis · A. pacifica (White-Necked Heron) · A. payesii · A. perplexa · A. picata (Pied Heron) · A. purperea · A. purpurea (Purple Heron) · A. purpurea bournei · A. purpurea madagascariensis · A. purpurea manilensis · A. purpurea manillensis · A. purpurea purpurea · A. ralloides · A. rufiventris · A. sacra · A. sellardsi · A. senegalensis · A. speciosa · A. stellaris · A. sturmii · A. sumatrana (Great-Billed Heron) · A. sumatrana sumatrana (Great-Billed Heron)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A dictionary of English and folk-names of British birds; with their history, meaning, and first usage, and the folk-lore, weather-lore, legends, etc., relating to the more familiar species. By H. Kirke Swann. London, Witherby and co., 1913. ENG url p. 157.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker Charles S. Roy and Robert W. Shufeldt London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 192.
• A geographical bibliography of British ornithology from the earliest time to the end of 1918, arranged under counties, being a record of printed books, published articles, notes and records relating to local avifauna, by W. H. Mullens, H. Kirke Swann, F. London, Witherby, 1920. ENG url p. 339.
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. By R. Bowdler Sharpe London, E. Lloyd, Limited, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 74.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 123, p. 220.
• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] ENG url p. 232.
• A hand-list of the Japanese birds. Edited by a special committee of the Ornithological Society of Japan. [Tokyo, Ornithological Society of Japan]1922. ENG url p. 14.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 439, p. 505, p. 509.
• A history of British birds / by William Yarrell, V.P.L.S., F.Z.S. London: John van Voorst, 1871-1885. ENG url p. 177, p. 518.
• A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology By W London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 ENG url p. 464, p. 465.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 29.
• A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada. By Thomas Nuttall Cambridge, Hilliard and Brown, 1832-1834. ENG url p. 47.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 04, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 14 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, "Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds," in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 04, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bird Studies Canada: BC Coastal Waterbird Survey
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Finnish Museum of Natural History: Hatikka Observation Data Gateway
• GBIF-Sweden: Birds (GBIF-SE:Artdatabanken)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS: National System of Proetcted Areas
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility: Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
• The New York Botanical Garden: Bronx River Bioblitz
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Argyll Bird Club - Bird records for Argyll for the years 2002 and 2003
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens
• Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom: Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851762
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174818 ITS-554135
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13852038
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 554135
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNGA04040
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 5493

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 1,071.640 based on 20,000 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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