Ara macao

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

The Scarlet Macaw has a long pointed red tail, head , and shoulders , yellow and blue wings , and bright blue back. They are about 85cm long. These noisy, colorful birds can be found in riverside tropical rain forests . All 18 species of macaws are threatened. They are one of the largest birds in the New World. Now, these wonderful birds are being threatened. There are hardly any more of these species left. In fact, they're listed under one of the endanger species. The primary dangers are habitat loss and heavy exploitation for the pet trade. It is a amazing how some of the macaw live to be 80 years old . They are easily tamed and can be trained to imitate the human voice. Scarlet Macaw is one of many parrots that is very smart.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Forests and tall palms growing in swamps or alongside rivers .

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, tropical deciduous forests, gallery forests • Maximum Elevation: 900 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Medium

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,701 meters (0 to 15,423 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.7     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Plan fruits, figs, berries and nuts. During the breeding season also insects and their larvae. Although their diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds, nuts, leaves and bark , they also feed on small animal life.

Reproduction

Macaws are monogamous. Breeding takes place during the first half of the year. The nest is usually in a hole at the top of a tall dead tree . The hole may previously have been made and used by a woodpecker. The female lays one or two eggs and incubates them for 24-26 days, while the male feeds her.

On hatching , the young are blind and almost naked. The eyes open after 7-14 days. At first only the female feeds the young, but after about a week the male joins in. The young are fed by the parents' regurgitation of partially digested vegetable crop contents.

The young are born featherless. At ten weeks they are covered with feathers and the wings and tail have attained their full length . At six months it is hard to distinguish the young from the parents.

After the breeding season is over they molt . The old worn and faded feathers fall out and are replaced by new ones. The molt is gradual and takes place over several months.

Behavior

Macaws usually live in pairs and a number of pairs may congregate with others to form a flock of several hundred individuals. There are regular roosting sites and in the early morning the flocks fly some distance in search of food. They return to spend the night in the roosting trees just before sunset, flying above the forest canopy .

Macaws use their beaks as an aid in both eating and as a "third foot" when climbing . Food is obtained using the beak. The beak is strong and is used to crush the seeds and nuts, while the thick fleshy tongue is used to move the food around. Very hard nuts are cracked open after the macaw files down the thickness of the shell in one place. This is done with the lower part of the beak.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Ara macao (Linnaeus, 1758) • Ara macao macao • Psittacus Macao

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 23-Jan-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ara

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 29 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. ambigua (Great Green Macaw) · A. ambigua ambigua (Great Green Macaw) · A. ambiguus (Great Green Macaw) · (Blue and Gold Macaw) · A. atwoodi (Bahia Rufous-Vented Ground-Cuckoo) · A. auricollis (Golden-Collared Macaw) · A. autocthones (Brown-Backed Parrotlet) · A. caninde (Wagler's Macaw) · A. chloroptera (Red and Green Macaw) · A. chloropterus (Red and Green Macaw) · A. couloni (Blue-Headed Macaw) · A. cubensis (Cuban Macaw) · A. erythrocephala (Jamaican Green-And-Yellow Macaw) · A. glaucogularis (Blue-Throated Macaw) · A. gossei (Yellow-Headed Macaw) · A. guadeloupensis (Lesser Antillean Macaw) · A. macao (Scarlet Macaw) · A. macao macao (Scarlet Macaw) · A. manilata (Red-Bellied Macaw) · A. maracana (Blue-Winged Macaw) · A. militaris (Military Macaw) · A. militaris militaris (Military Macaw) · A. nobilis (Red-Shouldered Macaw) · A. nobilis nobilis (Red-Shouldered Macaw) · A. rubrogenys (Red-Fronted Macaw) · A. severa (Chestnut-Fronted Macaw) · A. severa severa (Chestnut-Fronted Macaw) · A. severus (Chestnut-Fronted Macaw) · A. tricolor (Hispaniolan Macaw)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. Ara macao. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. and lt;www.iucnredlist.org and gt;. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2009. Ara macao. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Clark, M. A. WhoZoo.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 06, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• Honolulu Zoo
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Zoo Ave, Alajuela, Costa Rica

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• Senckenberg: Collection Aves (bird skins)
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10627
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-714463
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2497311
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 177665
• IUCN ID: 192301
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 67393

Footnotes

1. Mean = 235.270 meters (771.883 feet), Standard Deviation = 385.640 based on 137,428 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.