Anser anser

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,093 meters (0 to 16,709 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is fully migratory although some populations in temperate regions are only sedentary1 or locally dispersive5, occasionally making irregular movements in very icy winters1. The species breeds from May or April in loose colonies1, 2, after which flocks gather to undertake moult migrations to favoured areas (with good feeding opportunities and access to safe roosting sites)2 to undergo a flightless moulting period lasting c.1 month5. The species is highly gregarious2, 3 outside of the breeding season3, with large concentrations forming during the post-breeding moult and before the autumn migration (e.g. flocks of up to 25,000 individuals)5. The species feeds diurnally, especially during the morning and evening, although non-breeding birds may also feed at night2. It roosts at night and during the middle of the day on open water7, and may fly to feeding areas more than 10 km away from roosting sites2 (optimal distance 2-5 km away)10. Habitat Breeding During the breeding season the species inhabits wetlands surrounded by fringing vegetation in open grassland1, sedge or heather moorland4, arctic tundra , steppe or semi-desert from sea-level up to 2,300 m6. It nests near streams , saltmarshes2, river flood-plains, reedy marshes, grassy bogs , damp meadows, reed-lined freshwater lakes and estuaries4 close to potential feeding sites such as meadows, grasslands, stubble fields and newly sown cereal fields2. It requires isolated islands2 in lakes4 or on along the coast2 out of reach of land predators for nesting2. In the autumn (before migration) the species also frequents agricultural land (e.g. sugar-beet, maize and cereal fields)2. Non-breeding In the winter the species inhabits lowland farmland in open country1, 3, swamps1, lakes1, 3, reservoirs3, coastal lagoons1 and estuaries3. Diet The species is herbivorous, its diet consisting of grass1, the roots , shoots , leaves, stems, seedheads and fruits of other herbaceous marsh vegetation1, 4, aquatic plants4, and agricultural grain and potatoes (especially in the winter)1. Breeding site The nest is a shallow construction of plant matter1, 6 placed among reedbeds, on the ground1, in or at the base of trees , under bushes or in sheltered hollows on isolated wooded islands on lakes or along coasts2, 4, as well as on rafts of vegetation in rivers6. Although the species is only semi-colonial, nests may be concentrated within a small area (e.g. placed 11 m apart on small islands)4. Management information On the Vejlerne nature reserve, Denmark, it was found that reedbeds left unharvested for 5-13 years supported the highest nesting densities of this species12. Low nesting densities were found in reedbeds in the first four years after reed cutting, and no nests were found in reedbeds cut in the year of study (shoot density may have been too low to provide adequate cover ) or in reedbeds left uncut for sixteen years (reed stems may have been too dense)12[2].

List of Habitats :

• 4 Grassland
• 4.4 Grassland - Temperate
• 5 Wetlands (inland)
• 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
• 5.10 Wetlands (inland) - Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt)
• 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
• 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
• 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Anser

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 23 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. albifrons (Greater White Fronted Goose) · A. albifrons albifrons (American White-Fronted Goose) · A. albifrons elgasi (Greater White-Fronted Goose) · A. albifrons flavirostris (Greater White-Fronted Goose) · A. albifrons frontalis (Greater White-Fronted Goose) · A. albifrons gambelli (Greater White-Fronted Goose) · A. anser (Domestic Goose) · A. brachyrhynchus (Pink-Footed Goose) · A. brachyrhynchus brachyrhynchus (Pink-Footed Goose) · A. caerulescens (Blue Goose) · A. caerulescens caerulescens (Snow Goose) · A. canagica (Emperor Goose) · A. cygnoides (Chinese Goose) · A. erythropus (Lesser White-Fronted Goose) · A. fabalis (Eastern Bean Goose) · A. fabalis brachyrhynchus (Bean Goose) · A. fabalis fabalis (Eastern Bean Goose) · A. fabalis rossicus (Tundra Bean Goose) · A. fabalis serrirostris (Bean Goose) · A. fabalis sibiricus (Bean Goose) · A. indicus (Bar-Headed Goose) · A. rossi (Ross' Goose) · A. rossii (Ross's Snow Goose)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url , , .
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain / by R. Bowdler Sharpe. London: E. Lloyd, 1896-1897. url p. 227, p. 230.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 128.
• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker. .. Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] url p. 236.
• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 49.
• A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url , p. 156, p. 381.
• A manual of the game birds of India. .. Bombay, Pub. for the Author by Messrs A.J. Combridge & Co., 1898-99. url p. 42, p. 42.
• A reprint of the North American zoology, by George Ord. Being an exact reproduction of the part originally compiled by Mr. Ord for Johnson & Warner, and first published by them in their 2d American ed. of Guthrie's geography, in 1815. Taken Haddonsfield, N.J., Pub. by the editor, 1894. url p. 48, p. 54.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York. [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932]. url p. 111, p. 30, p. 51, p. 8.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 12, p. 133, p. 168, p. 37, p. 40.
• An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 19, p. 20, p. 23, p. 32, p. 35, p. 36, p. 37.
• An introduction to heredity and genetics; a study of the modern biological laws and theories relating animal & plant breeding. [N.p.][pref. 1920] url p. 35.
• Analysis and Synthesis of National Reports. Prepared by UNEP and CMS Secretariat CMS url p. 26.
• Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1886- url p. 538.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 455.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 492.
• Annual report of the New York Zoological Society. New York: New York Zoological Society, 1897- url p. 153, p. 153, p. 200, p. 200.
• Ardea. Amsterdam, etc., Nederlandse Ornithlogische Unie, etc. url p. 108, p. 121, p. 136, p. 3.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 157, p. 209, p. 212, p. 244, p. 344, p. 381, p. 411, p. 438, p. 439, p. 54, p. 79.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 182.
• Birds of the Chukchi Peninsula and Wrangel Island = (Ptitsy Chukotskogo poluostrova i ostrova Vrangelya) / L.A. Portenko; translated from Russian [by P.M. Rao]. New Delhi: Published for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., by Amerind Pub. Co., 1981- url p. 308.
• Birds of the world for young people, New York, F.A. Stokes Company[1909] url , .
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• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Charles E. Hellmayr, Boardman Conover. 13 1948 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1948. url p. 293.
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• Check-list of North American birds. [Ithaca, N.Y.]1957. url p. 645.
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• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 146, p. 438.
• College zoology [by] Robert W. Hegner [and] Karl A. Stiles. New York, Macmillan[1959] url p. 456.
• College zoology, New York, The Macmillan company, 1912 url p. 630.
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• College zoology. New YorkMacmillan1918 url p. 630.
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• Diseases of poultry part 1 / by Leonard Pearson. Enemies of poultry: part 2 / by B.H. Warren. Harrisburg, Pa.: C.M. Busch, state printer, 1897. url , , , , .
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 392.
• Experimental studies on Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich) a fluke from birds and mammals. Urbana, Ill., The University of Illinois, 1937 url p. 69, p. 95.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 102, p. 14, p. 39, p. 65.
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• Genetics today: proceedings of the XI International Congress of Genetics, The Hague, The Netherlands, September 1963 / edited by S. J. Geerts. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1963-65. url p. 258.
• Guide to the birds of Europe and North Africa. With a biographical memoir by William Eagle Clarke. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1923. url p. 214.
• Guide to the birds of the Caucasus. Tiflis, 1907. url p. 123.
• Hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. London, Allen, 1894-97. url , p. 227, p. 227, p. 230.
• IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas IUCN url p. 15, p. 164, p. 92.
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• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 104, p. 24, p. 72, p. 75.
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• Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California By Elliot Coues. Boston, D. Estes and Company, 1903. url p. 897.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Anser anser. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 19, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Herts Bird Club - Hertfordshire Breeding Bird Atlas : 1988-1992
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 11638
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-714770
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 3085810
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175028
• IUCN ID: 191450
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 132785

Footnotes

1. Mean = 709.210 meters (2,326.804 feet), Standard Deviation = 928.490 based on 83,552 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Anser anser. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.