Overview
Family : Freshwater eels; Occurs usually in permanent streams with continuous flow . Hides during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders . Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines . Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. A catadromous species. (Ref. 26938).
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Catalan:
Anguila
Common Names in Czech:
Úhor Americký, Úhoř Americký, hor Americk
Common Names in Danish:
Amerikansk ål, Amerikansk Ferskvandsål, Amerikansk Ferskvandsl, Amerikansk l
Common Names in Dutch:
Aal, Amerikaanse Aal, Amerikaanse Aal;amerikaanse Paling, Amerikaanse Paling, Paling
Common Names in English:
American Eel, Common Eel, Eel, Elver (Joven), Freshwater Eel, Silver Eel
Common Names in Finnish:
Amerikanankerias
Common Names in French:
Anguille, Anguille Américaine, Anguille Amricaine, Anguille Congre, Anguille D'amèrique, Anguille D'amérique, Anguille D'amrique, Anguille D?amérique
Common Names in German:
Aal, Amerikanischer Aal
Common Names in Italian:
Anguilla Americana
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
美洲鰻鱺, 美洲鰻鱺, 美洲鳗鲡
Common Names in Polish:
Moringa Cetkowana, Wegorz Amerykanski
Common Names in Portuguese:
Enguia, Enguia Americana, Enguia-Americana
Common Names in Russian:
угорь американский, Amerikanskiy Ugor´, Amerikanskiy Ugor', угорь американский
Common Names in Spanish:
Anguila, Anguila Amarilla, Anguila Americana
Common Names in Swedish:
Amerikansk l
Description
Family Anguillidae
Usually catadromous fishes in tropical and temperate waters , except eastern Pacific and south Atlantic. Eellike body with minute or embedded scales . Well developed pectorals but no pelvic fins; dorsal and caudal fin confluent with anal fin. All species are important food fishes and are sold fresh, smoked, or canned. Important aquaculture species based on captured juveniles (elvers ); widely introduced . All spend their juvenile and adult live in freshwater , returning to the ocean to spawn and die. The leptocephalus larvae are marine . There is some doubt as to the validity of some of the fifteen species currently recognized.The family Anguillidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Anguilliformes. It contains 1 genus and 15 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is anguilliform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the upper Miocene epoch of the Tertiary period. This family may be found from 70° n to 48° s and 107° w to 178° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, anguilla, ae = eel
Physical Description
Species Anguilla rostrata
Body: Mouth
and Snout: The mouth is terminal
and fairly large. Eels have jaws
with teeth. No barbels
. Body Pattern: The body and fins
are solid dark brown or dark olive with no patterning on back grading
to a dull
yellow, cream or white on belly. Cycloid scales
are extremely tiny and numerous
. Body Shape
: Elongate
, flexible
, snake-like body. In Wisconsin waters, typically 350-1000 mm TL
, with a maximum size of 1100 mm (3 feet).
Fins: Tail rounded
and continuous with long (greater than half the body length
) single dorsal and anal fins that lack spines. There are no pelvic fins. No adipose fin
.
Distinguishing characteristics: The eel has a long, flexible body and no pelvic fins. It also has a terminal mouth
with teeth in jaws. No pelvic fins, dorsal and anal fins long (longest ray
much shorter than length of fin
base
) and continuous with caudal fin. Single small gill slit
at base of pectoral fin, and body covered with small, inconspicuous, embedded
scales
. Distinctive Features: Elongate, flexible, snake-like body. See also similar species information.
Breeding Adults
: The appearance
of breeding fish is similar to nonbreeding adults. This species spawns in the ocean. Only females are found in Wisconsin; males remain in the lower reaches
of coastal tributaries. The body color is more silver or gray during migration to the ocean, but this silver eel form is not known with certainty from Wisconsin.
Juveniles
: Juveniles exist in a larval form (leptocephalus) that is not found in Wisconsin. These fish spawn
in the Sargasso Sea
, which is east of Florida and the Bahamas, and make a 3,000 mile
migration to Wisconsin via the Mississippi River
or the Great Lakes
. The larval form is transparent, shaped like a leaf, and never occurs in freshwaters
.
Size/Age/Growth
Males are commonly 50 cm (Total Length) in length when caught/marketed, but may be as large as 152 cm (Total Length). May live as long as 43 years in the wild, 6 years in captivity.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,106 meters (0 to 16,752 feet).Mean = -396.450 meters (-1,300.689 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,289.210 based on 1,460 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biome: Fresh water , brackish water, saltwater . Demersal .
Biology
Diet
Feeds on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods , oligochaetes, amphipods , isopods , mysids , and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref. 9593).
Migration
Catadromous . Migrates in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref. 3242).
Sound types : clucks, clicks, squeak, thumps. Sound organ: swim bladder, pneumatic duct , possibly teeth.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
)
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
)
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
)
- Cohort:
Elopomorpha
(
)
- Greenwood Et Al., 1966
- Order:
Anguilliformes
(
)
- Suborder:
Anguilloidei
(
)
- Family:
Anguillidae
(
)
- Freshwater Eels
- Genus:
Anguilla
(
)
- Schrank, 1798
- Specific name:
Anguilla
- (Le Sueur, 1821)
- Scientific name: - Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1821)
- Specific name:
Anguilla
- (Le Sueur, 1821)
- Genus:
Anguilla
(
- Family:
Anguillidae
(
- Suborder:
Anguilloidei
(
- Order:
Anguilliformes
(
- Cohort:
Elopomorpha
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Amphiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819)
- Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817)
- Clupea alosoides Rafinesque, 1819
- Elattonistius chrysopsis (Richardson, 1836)
- Hiodon chrysopsis Richardson, 1836
- Hiodon clodalis Lesueur, 1818
- Hyodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819)
- Hyodon chrysopsis Richardson, 1836
- Muraena rostrata Lesueur, 1817
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 08-Mar-1994
Similar Species
Fish Name Body Shape Mouth/Teeth Pectoral Fin Gills Scales Similarity Index American Brook Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar American Eel elongated, flexible, snake-like Terminal mouth with teeth in jaws Present Single small gill slit Small, inconspicuous, embedded scales N/A Chestnut Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar Northern Brook Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar Sea Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar Silver Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar Southern Brook Lamprey elongated, but not snake-like Sucking disk or flexible filtering "hood" instead of jaws Absent Seven conspicuous circular gill openings No scales Slightly similar
Members of the genus Anguilla
There are approximately 62 species in this genus:
A. aneitensis · A. anguilla (Common Eel) · A. anguilla macrocephala · A. anguilla ornithorhyncha · A. anguilla oxycephala · A. anguilla rostrata · A. aucklandii · A. australis (Eel) · A. australis australis (Australian Short-Finned Eel) · A. australis occidentalis · A. australis schmidti · A. bengalensis (African Mottled Eel) · A. bengalensis bengalensis (European Eel) · A. bengalensis labiata (African Mottled Eel) · A. bicolor (Amalona) · A. bicolor bicolor (Amalona) · A. bicolor pacifica (Indian Short-Finned Eel) · A. bostoniensis · A. breviceps · A. celebesensis (Celebes Longfin Eel) · A. chrisypa · A. chryspa · A. chrysypa · A. dieffenbachii (Longfinned Eel) · A. fidjiensis · A. anguilla · A. interioris (Highlands Long-Finned Eel) · A. japonica (Eel) · A. japonicus · A. labrosa · A. leptocephali · A. macrops · A. malgumora (Indonesian Longfinned Eel) · A. manabei · A. anguilla · A. marmorata (Giant Long-Finned Eel) · A. bicolor subsp. bicolor · A. megastoma (Pacific Long-Finned Eel) · A. mossambica (African Longfin Eel) · A. mossambicus · A. nebulosa (African Mottled Eel) · A. nebulosa elver · A. nebulosa labiata · A. nebulosa nebulosa · A. nigricans · A. obscura (Brown Eel) · A. otahaitensis · A. otaheitensis · A. pekinensis · A. reinhardtii (Australian Longfinned Eel) · A. rostata · A. rostrada · A. rostrata (American Eel) · A. anguilla · A. sidat · A. texana · A. tyrannus · A. vulgaris fluviatilis · A. vulgaris lacustus · A. vulgaris marina · A. vulgaris ornithorhincha · A. vulgaris platyura
Bibliography
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- Bussing, W.A. (1998). Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. 2nd Ed. San JoséCosta Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 468 p.
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- Claro, R. (1994). Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
- Claro, Rodolfo, and Lynne R. Parenti / Claro, Rodolfo, Kenyon C. Lindeman, and L. R. Parenti, eds. 2001. Chapter 2: The Marine Ichthyofauna of Cuba. Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. 21-57. ISBN: 1-56098-985-8.
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More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- FishBase 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 09, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 30 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 09, 2007:
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Fish Collection
- FishBase, FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Atlantic Reference Centre
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Bay of Fundy Species List
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Canadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, ECNASAP - East Coast North America Strategic Assessment
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Electronic Atlas of Ichthyoplankton on the Scotian Shelf of North America
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, NOAA HML Tidal Creek Database
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History - Marine Birds, Mammals, and Fishes
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate specimens
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Ichtyologie
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Fish Collection
- Royal Ontario Museum, Fish specimens
- Senckenberg, Collection Pisces
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Fishes
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNPE/Coleccion Nacional de Peces
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Research Center, Fish Collection
- University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History, Fish specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2535051
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22845
- Fishbase Species ID: 296
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13547131
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161127
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCEA01010
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 15649
