Anas americana

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Found in tidewater areas, ponds , and lakes .

Vegetation: freshwater lakes and ponds, freshwater marshes • Maximum Elevation: 2,300 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 596 meters (1,957 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.6     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.6     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.8     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.16     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools   
  
•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.10     Marine Neritic - Estuaries   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.4     Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats   
  
•     12.5     Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.4     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes   
  
•     13.5     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Freshwater Lakes   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Primarily: Green Plant Matter Seeds. Lesser Quantities of: Aquatic Invertebrates .

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
• Clutch Size: 6-12
• Length of Incubation : 23-25 days
• Days to Fledge : 37-48
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Anas americana J. F. Gmelin, 1789 • Mareca Americana

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 23-Jan-2007

Similar Species

Eurasian Wigeon

Members of the genus Anas

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 91 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. acuta (American Pintail) · A. acuta acuta (Northern Pintail) · A. acuta drygalskii (Northern Pintail) · A. acuta eatoni (Northern Pintail) · A. americana (American Wigeon / Baldpate) · A. andium (Andean Teal) · A. aucklandica (Campbell Island Flightless Teal) · A. aucklandica aucklandica (New Zealand Brown Teal) · A. aucklandica nesiotis (Campbell Island Flightless Teal) · A. bahamensis (White-Cheeked Pintail) · A. bahamensis bahamensis (White-Cheeked Pintail) · A. bahamensis galapagensis (Galapagos Pintail) · A. bernieri (Madagascar Teal) · A. capensis (African Cape Teal) · A. carolinensis (Green-Winged Teal) · A. castanea (Chestnut-Breasted Teal) · A. chlorotis (Flightless Teal) · A. clypeata (Red-Breasted Shoveler) · A. crecca (Green-Winged Teal) · A. crecca carolinensis (Green-Winged Teal) · A. crecca crecca (Green-Winged Teal) · A. crecca nimia (Aleutian Green-Winged Teal) · A. cyanoptera (South American Teal) · A. cyanoptera cyanoptera (Cinnamon Teal) · A. cyanoptera septentrionalium (Cinnamon Teal) · A. diazi (New Mexican Duck) · A. diazi novimexicana (New Mexican Duck) · A. discors (Blue Winged Teal) · A. discors discors (Blue-Winged Teal) · A. discors orphna (Blue-Winged Teal) · A. drygalskii (Crozet Pintail) · A. eatoni (Kerguelen Pintail) · A. erythrorhyncha (Red-Billed Pintail) · A. falcata (Bronze-Capped Teal) · A. flavirostris (Yellow-Billed Teal) · A. flavirostris flavirostris (Speckled/chilean Teal) · A. formosa (Spectacled Teal) · A. formosa georgi (Spectacled Teal) · A. formosus (Spectacled Teal) · A. fulcigula (Mottled Duck) · A. fulvigula (Summer Black Duck) · A. fulvigula fulvigula (Mottled Duck) · A. fulvigula maculosa (Mottled Duck) · A. georgica (Yellow-Billed Pintail) · A. georgica georgica (Yellow-Billed Pintail) · A. gibberifrons (Sunda Teal) · A. gibberifrons gibberifrons (Sunda Teal) · A. gracilis (Grey Teal) · A. hottentota (Hottentot Teal) · A. laysanensis (Laysan Teal) · A. leucophrys (Ringed Teal) · A. luzonica (Philippine Duck) · A. marecula (Amsterdam Duck) · A. melleri (Meller's Duck) · A. nesiotis (Campbell Island Teal) · A. oustaleti (Anjouan Island Sparrow Hawk) · A. penelope (European Widgeon) · A. platalea (Argentine Shoveller) · A. platyrhynchos (Duck) · A. platyrhynchos conboschas (Mallard) · A. platyrhynchos diazi (Mallard) · A. platyrhynchos platyrhynchos (Mallard) · A. poecilorhyncha (Western Spot-Billed Duck) · A. poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha (Indian Spot-Billed Duck) · A. puna (Puna Teal) · A. punctata (Pacific Black Duck) · A. querquedula (Garganey Teal) · A. rhynchotis (Australasian Shoveler) · A. rhynchotis rhynchotis (Australasian Shoveler) · A. rubripes (North American Black Duck) · A. sibilatrix (Southern Chiloe Wigeon) · A. smithii (Cape Shoveller) · A. sparsa (African Black Duck) · A. sparsa sparsa (African Black Duck) · A. specularioides (Crested Duck) · A. specularioides specularioides (Crested Duck) · A. specularis (Bronze-Winged Duck) · A. strepera (Common Gadwall) · A. strepera strepera (Gadwall) · A. superciliosa (Black Duck) · A. superciliosa pelewensis (Gray Duck) · A. superciliosa superciliosa (Gray Duck) · A. theodori (Mauritian Duck) · A. undulata (African Yellow-Billed Duck) · A. undulata undulata (African Yellow-Billed Duck) · A. versicolor (Versicolor Teal) · A. versicolor versicolor (Versicolor Teal) · A. waigiuensis (Salvadori's Duck) · A. waigivensis (Salvadori's Duck) · A. wyvilliana (Koloa Piwai) · A. zonorhyncha (Eastern Spot-Billed Duck)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 139, p. 286, p. 287, p. 319, p. 321, p. 322, p. 338, p. 343, p. 346, p. 361, p. 362, p. 363, p. 365, p. 366, p. 367, p. 368, p. 371, p. 375, p. 376, p. 378, p. 379, p. 381, p. 396, p. 404, p. 407, p. 416, p. 456, p. 476, p. 510, p. 515, p. 516, p. 517, p. 531, p. 532, p. 540, p. 593, p. 675.
• A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url .
• A List of British birds / London: John Van Voorst, 1883. url .
• A catalogue of Canadian birds with notes on the distribution of the species / by Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B.: J. McMillan, 1887. url , p. 21.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds, By Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B., J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url p. 129, p. 129, p. 21, p. 21.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds: with notes on the distribution of the species / Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url , .
• A catalogue of the birds of Indiana / by Amos W. Butler. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url p. 21, p. 21.
• A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 45, p. 95.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 533.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 7.
• A distributional list of the birds of Arizona / Hollywood, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1914. url .
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain / by R. Bowdler Sharpe. London: E. Lloyd, 1896-1897. url p. 281.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 137, p. 220.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting. .. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. url p. 458, p. 506.
• A handbook of British birds: showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants / by J. E. Harting. London: J. van Voorst, 1872. url , , p. 159, p. 159, p. 190, p. 190.
• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 52.
• A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs. By Henry Seebohm. .. London, Pub. for the author by R.H. Porter [etc.]1883-85. url p. 543.
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url , p. 427.
• A hunter's experiences in the Southern States of America: being an account of the natural history of the various quadrupeds and birds which are the objects of chase in those countries / by Captain Flack ('The ranger') London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1866. url p. 274.
• A list of British birds / compiled by a committee of the British Ornithologists' Union. London: J. van Voorst, 1883. url p. 124.
• A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url p. 172.
• A list of the birds of Florida / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 4.
• A list of the birds of Maine, showing their distribution by counties and their status in each county. Prepared under the auspices of the United ornithologists of Maine by Ora W. Knight. .. Augusta, Kennebec journal print, 1897. url p. 29.
• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 262.
• A list of the birds of Maryland, giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds; also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded. By F.C. Kirkwood. .. Baltimore: [Maryland Academy of Sciences], 1895. url p. 262, p. 262, p. 375.
• A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url , .
• A list of the birds of eastern North America / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 9.
• A natural history of the ducks / 2 1923 Boston; Houghton Mifflin Company; 1922-1926. url p. 189, p. 190, p. 192, p. 194, p. 196, p. 198, p. 200, p. 202, p. 231, map 43, list of plates, page ix, p. vi, list of maps, page xi.
• A natural history of the nests and eggs of British birds / by the Rev. F.O. Morris. London: John C. Nimmo, 1896. url .
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada / Boston: Little, Brown, 1921. url .
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of the United States and Canada: based on Nuttall's Manual / by Montague Chamberlain. Boston: Little, B., & Co., 1903. url p. 417.
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• A preliminary list of the birds found in Vermont / by George H. Perkins; assisted by Clifton D. Howe. Albany: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1901. url p. 93.
• A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio. Columbus, Westbote Co., State Printers, 1896. url p. 252, p. 258.
• A revised catalogue of the birds of Kansas: with descriptive notes of the nests and eggs of the birds known to breed in the state / Pub. under the direction of the Executive Council, May, 1886. Topeka: Kansas Publishing House, 1886. url p. 6.
• American duck shooting, by George Bird Grinnell. .. with fifty-eight portraits of North American swans, geese and ducks by Edwin Sheppard and numerous vignettes in the text by Wilmot Townsend. New York, Forest and stream pub. co.[1901] url p. 617.
• American ornithology, or, The natural history of the birds of the United States illustrated with plates engraved from drawings from nature by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, [1878?] url .
• American ornithology: or, The natural history of the birds of the United States / Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, [187-?] url .
• American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States / by Alexander Wilson, and Charles Lucian Bonaparte; edited by Robert Jameson. Edinburgh: Constable, 1831. url p. 198, p. 314.
• American ornithology; or, the natural history of the birds of the United States, by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte. Philadelphia, Porter & Coates[1878] url p. 84.
• American wild-fowl shooting: describing the haunts, habits, and methods of shooting wild fowl, particularly those of the western states of America: with instuctions concerning guns, blinds, boats, and decoys; the training of wat New York: J. B. Ford, 1874. url .
• An essay on classification / By Louis Agassiz. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts [etc.], 1859. url p. 59.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 172, p. 402.
• Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. New-York: 1824-1876. url p. 384.
• Annotated list of the birds of Oneida County, N.Y., and its immediate vicinity, by Wm. L. Ralph and Egbert Bogg. Utica, N.Y.: E.H. Roberts, Printers, 1886. url p. 106.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 190.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1858 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 289.
• Annual report of the Nebraska State Horticultural Society. Lincoln, Neb.: The Society. url p. 167, p. 63.
• Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 38.
• Annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. .. Lansing: The Board, 1862- url p. 227.
• Annual report of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History for the year. .. Albany, N.Y.: The Trustees, 1886-1889. url p. 21.
• Annual report of the regents of the university of the state of New York on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History and the historical and antiquarian collection annexed thereto. Albany, Regents of the University of the State of New York. url p. 13.
• Bibliography and catalogue of the fossil vertebrata of North America, by Oliver Perry Hay. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1902. url p. 529.
• Biologia centrali-americana: Aves / [London: R.H. Porter], 1879-1904. url .
• Birds & nature magazine. Chicago, nature study publishing company [etc.]1896-1907. url p. 59.
• Birds / by Spencer Fullerton Baird; with the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. url p. 793.
• Birds and nature. Chicago, Ill.: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1900-1907. url p. 59.
• Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson & Charles Ely. 1 Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- url p. 96, p. x.
• Birds of Massachusetts [by] J.A. Allen. [n.p.]1864-1886. url p. 157.
• Birds of Michigan. By A. J. Cook. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & co., state printers and binders, 1893 url p. 252, p. 258, p. 258, p. 33.
• Birds of Michigan. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & Co., State Printers and Binders, 1893 url .
• Birds of Michigan. illustrated by A. J. Cook. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & co., state printers and binders, 1893 url p. 33.
• Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. url p. 190.
• Birds of New York, by Elon Howard Eaton. .. Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url p. 190.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. url p. 599.
• Birds of the Colorado valley. .. scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1878. url p. 599.
• Birds of the Hawaiian Islands; being a complete list of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions, with notes on their habits, Honolulu, H. T., T. G. Thrum, [c1902] url .
• Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. url p. 565.
• Birds of the Pacific slope of Los Angeles County: a list with brief notes / [Pasadena, Calif.: Pasadena Academy of Sciences], 1898 url .
• Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1898] url .
• Birds of the West, an account of the lives and the labors of our feathered friends. Fremont, Neb., Hammond & Stephens, c1907. url p. 106, p. 106.
• Birds of the West; an account of the lives and the labors of our feathered friends. Fremont, Neb., Hammond & Stephens co., 1907. url .
• Birds of the world; a popular account. With a chapter on the anatomy of birds, by Frederic A. Lucas; the whole edited by Robert Ridgway. New York, Holt, 1909. url p. 849.
• Birds that hunt and are hunted: life histories of one hundred and seventy birds of prey, game birds and water-fowls, by Neltje Blanchan [pseud.] with introduction by G. O. Shields (Coquina) with many photographic illustrations in color and in black and white. New York: Doubleday, Page & company, 1908, [1904] url p. 100.
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• Birds: illustrated by color photography: a monthly serial. .. Chicago, Ill.: Nature Study Publishing Co., 1897-1898. url , , p. 80, p. 80.
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• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 255, p. 460, p. 99.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 52, p. 89, p. 99.
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• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 32, p. 343, p. 370, p. 83.
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• Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum / by G.R. Gray. London, 1863. url p. 192.
• Catalogue of British birds in the collection of the British Museum. London, Printed by order of the trustees, 1863. url .
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• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 751, p. 819.
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• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. url p. 193, p. 233, p. 250.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. url p. 168.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British museum (Natural history). London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 170.
• Check list of British Columbia birds. Victoria, B. C., R. Wolfeenden, Printer to the Queen, 1891. url .
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. url p. 421, p. 46, p. 49.
• Check-list of North American birds, New York, American ornithologists' union, 1910. url .
• Check-list of North American birds. [Ithaca, N.Y.]1957. url p. 79, p. 80.
• Check-list of North American birds: the species of birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands / prepared by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of the American Orni Lawrence, Kan.: American Ornithologists' Union, 1983. url p. 82, p. 83.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 168, p. 463.
• Checklist of British Columbia birds, by John Fannin. Victoria, B.C., Printed by R. Wolfenden[1891] url p. 9.
• Collected writings on mammals. [v.p.]1870-1908. url p. 32.
• Coloured figures of the eggs of British birds: with descriptive notices / by Henry Seebohm; edited (after the author's death) by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Sheffield: Pawson and Brailsford, 1896. url .
• Complete wildfowler. New York, Outing pub. co., 1912. url p. 305.
• Contributions to biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. Stanford University, Calif.: The University, 1895-1904. url p. 152, p. 57.
• Contributions to the natural history of the Bermudas. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1884. url p. 255.
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 109, p. 115, p. 122, p. 430, p. 716, p. 718, p. 729, p. 745, p. 758, p. 95, p. 96.
• Essay on classification. Edited by Edward Lurie. Cambridge, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962. url p. 45.
• Exploration and survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah: including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains / Philadelphia: Lippincott, Gramabo & Co., 1852. url p. 322.
• Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1852. url p. 322.
• Explorations in the far North being a report of an expedition under the auspices of the University of Iowa during the years 1892, '93, and '94 / by Frank Russell. [Iowa City?]: State University of Iowa, 1898. url , .
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• Explorations in the far North, by Frank Russell. Being the report of an expedition under the auspices of the University of Iowa during the years 1892, '93, and '94. [Iowa City?]The University, 1898. url p. 257, p. 283.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url , , p. 114, p. 153, p. 155, p. 156, p. 246, p. 33, p. 92.
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• First report of the state zoo?logist: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota / by P.L. Hatch, Henry F. Nachtrieb, state zoo?logist. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota: 1892. url p. 43.
• First report: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota, by P. L. Hatch. 1892. url p. 43, p. 451, p. 468.
• Fish and Wildlife Habitat Changes Resulting from Construction of a Nine-Foot Channel on Pools 24, 25, and 26 of the Mississippi River and the Lower Illinois River, Ft. BelvoirDefense Technical Information CenterAPR 1979. url p. 439.
• Fleas, flukes & cuckoos; a study of bird parasites, by Miriam Rothschild and Theresa Clay. New York, Macmillan, 1957. url p. 253, p. 284, p. 303.
• Game birds and birds of prey, life histories of one hundredand seventy birds of prey, game birds and water fowls; with introduction by G.O. Shields (Coquina) Toronto, Morang, 1898. url .
• Game birds. Life histories of one hundred and seventy birds of prey, game birds and water-fowls Garden City, N.Y.Doubleday, Page, 1922, c1917. url .
• Genera insectorum / publiés par P. Wytsman. Bruxelles, L. Desmet-Verteneuil [etc.]1902-1970. url p. 71.
• Geographical distribution of British birds / by Henry Seebohm. London: R.H. Porter, 1893. url , p. 3.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1981 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 149, p. 53.
• Guide to the birds of Europe and North Africa. With a biographical memoir by William Eagle Clarke. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1923. url p. 223.
• Hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. London, Allen, 1894-97. url p. 281.
• Handbook of birds of eastern North America / by Frank M. Chapman. New York: D. Appleton, 1904. url p. 103, p. 419.
• History of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Illustrating 529 birds. Topeka, Kan., G. W. Crane, 1891. url p. 60, p. 60, p. 685, p. 685.
• How to know the ducks, geese and swans of North America, all the species being grouped according to size and color. Boston, For sale by Little, Brown & Co., [1897] url , .
• Hunting and fishing in Florida, including a key to the water birds known to occur in the state / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1896. url p. 156, p. 157, p. 219.
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• Migration of birds. by Frederick C. Linclon; revised by Steven R. Peterson; associate editor Peter A. Anastasi; illustrated by Bob Hines. Washington: Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service: for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. url p. 119.
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• The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. url p. 116, p. 116, p. 116.
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• The ecology of delta marshes of coastal Louisiana: a community profile / by James G. Gosselink. Washington, DC: National Coastal Ecosystems Team, Division of Biological Services, Research Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior: 1984. url p. 130.
• The effect of altered streamflow on migratory birds of the Yellowstone River Basin, Montana / by Tom Hinz. Helena: Water Resources Division, Montana Dept. of Natural Resources & Conservation, 1977. url p. 101, p. 47.
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• Wildlife impact assessment and summary of previous mitigation related to hydroelectric projects in Montana: volume one, Libby Dam project -- operator, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers / prepared by Chris A. Yde and Arnold Olsen, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Portland, Ore. (P.O. Box 3621, Portland 97208): Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife, [1984] url p. 11.
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• Wilson's American ornithology: with notes by Jardine; to which is added a synopsis of American birds, including those described by Bonaparte, Audubon, Nuttall, and Richardson / by T.M. Brewer. 1840 Boston: Otis, Broaders, and Co., 1840. url p. 591.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 3 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 138.
• Zoological series / Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey, 1892-1912. url p. 43, p. 451, p. 468.
• Zoological series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892-1912. url p. 43.
• Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompa by James E. De Kay. Albany: W. & A. White & J. Visscher: 1842-44. url p. 378.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. Anas americana. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2009. Anas americana. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 19, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 11, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 19 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 11, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Bird Studies Canada: BC Coastal Waterbird Survey
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Finnish Museum of Natural History: Hatikka Observation Data Gateway
• GBIF-Sweden: Birds (GBIF-SE:Artdatabanken)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Argyll Bird Club - Bird records for Argyll for the years 2002 and 2003
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 11691
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-175094
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2497311
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175094
• IUCN ID: 190903
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNJB10180
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7224

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 814.680 based on 19,999 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.