Overview
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Vulnerable |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Carolina Roadside, Carolina Roadside-Skipper
Description
Family Hesperiidae
'The Hesperiidae are members
of the Superfamily
Hesperioidea. Worldwide in distribution, skippers are richest in the tropics. More than 3,500 species are described, with approximately 275 in North America, many of which are found only in Arizona and Texas. Most skippers are small to medium, usually orange, brown, black, white, or gray. A few have iridescent
colors. Skippers have large eyes, short antennae (often with hooked
clubs), stout bodies, and three pairs of walking legs
. Their flight is often rapid, making wing
movement appear blurred. Adults
of most species have long probicscises and feed
on floral
nectar, but some also take up nutrients
from bird droppings. Males have scent scales
found in modified forewing
patches. Males of most species locate mates by perching
(grass
and giant-skippers), though some patrol, especially in the open-winged skippers. Globular
eggs
are laid singly.
'[1]
Subfamily Hesperiinae
The grass skippers are members of the Family Hesperiidae. Distributed worldwide, they comprise more than 2,000 species, most of which are found in the American tropics. The small to medium-sized adults usually have abruptly angled antennae with an apiculus at the tip . Adults of many temperate species are predominantly orange, while brown is the most common color of the tropical species. Male forewings usually have a brand or stigma with specialized scales . Most species have long proboscises and are avid flower-visitors. Adults flight is rapid, and perching posture is unique: the hindwings are opened at a wider angle than the forewings. Males of most species perch while looking for mates. Caterpillars feed on monocotyledons (grasses and allied plants ) and live in silken leaf nests that sometimes extend underground. Grass skippers typically overwinter as caterpillars within their shelters .[2]
Physical Description
Species Amblyscirtes carolina
Upperside is dark brown; forewing with small yellow spots. Underside of forewing is black with a dull yellow apex; hindwing is dull yellow with brown spots. (ref. 105120)
Color:
Upperside is dark brown; forewing with small yellow spots. Underside of forewing is black with a dull yellow apex; hindwing is dull yellow with brown spots.
Size/Age/Growth
Wing span : 1 1/8 - 1 7/16 inches (2.9 - 3.7 cm).
Habitat
Near streams
and swamps
in wet woods
.
This cane
feeder
(caterpillars) is, not surprisingly, always found
near cane in wet places. Habitats
are edges
and openings in swamps
and bottomlands
, borders
of pocosins
, and canals or ditches near
cane. It is usually associated with cane in hardwoods
, as opposed
to pinewoods
. (ref. 104611)
Biology
Diet
Caterpillar hosts: Probably switch cane
(Arundinaria tecta). Adult
food: Nectar from flowers of sweet pepperbush, swamp
milkweed,
cinquefoil, wild strawberry, blackberry, and ironweed.
The foodplant is apparently only cane. The species nectars on moderate
occasions, on a variety of species. (ref. 104611)
Reproduction
Males perch in the afternoons in sunny openings to wait for females.
Behavior
Flight: Three broods from April-September.
Flight period: Three broods; early April to mid-May, mid-June into
early July, and late July to late September. The second brood seems
small, whereas the third is certainly the largest. (ref. 104611)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
)
- A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
)
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
)
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
)
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
)
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
)
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
)
- Class:
Insecta
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
)
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
)
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
)
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
)
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
)
- Latreille, 1809
- Skippers
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
)
- Grass Skippers
- Genus:
Amblyscirtes
(
)
- Scudder, 1872
- Specific name:
carolina
- (Skinner, 1892)
- Scientific name: - Amblyscirtes carolina (Skinner, 1892)
- Specific name:
carolina
- (Skinner, 1892)
- Genus:
Amblyscirtes
(
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Amblyscirtes
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 22 species and subspecies in this genus:
A. aenus (Bronze Roadside-Skipper) · A. aesculapius (Lace-Winged Roadside-Skipper) · A. alternata (Dusky Roadside-Skipper) · A. belli (Bell's Roadside-Skipper) · A. carolina (Carolina Roadside) · A. cassus (Cassus Roadside-Skipper) · A. celia (Celia's Roadside) · A. elissa (Elissa Roadside) · A. eos (Dotted Roadside-Skipper) · A. exoteria (Large Roadside) · A. fimbriata (Orange-Edged Roadside-Skipper) · A. hegon (Pepper and Salt Skipper) · A. linda (Linda's Roadside-Skipper) · A. nereus (Slaty Roadside-Skipper) · A. nysa (Nysa Roadside-Skipper) · A. oslari (Oslar's Roadside-Skipper) · A. phylace (Orange-Headed Roadside-Skipper) · A. reversa (Reversed Roadside) · A. simius (Simius Roadside-Skipper) · A. texanae (Texas Roadside-Skipper) · A. tolteca (Prenda Roadside-Skipper) · A. vialis (Common Roadside-Skipper)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url .
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Butterflies of North Carolina
- Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
- Opler, Paul A., Kelly Lotts, and Thomas Naberhaus, coordinators. 2009. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Big Sky Institute. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ (Version of April 17, 2009).
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2602345
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: IILEP80130
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 172647
