Alosa alosa

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

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Description

Family Clupeidae

Distribution: global (mostly tropical ) from 70� N to about 60� S. Chiefly marine coastal and schooling fishes ; some freshwater and anadromous . Body usually fusiform , round to strongly compressed . Head without scales ; jaw teeth, when present, are small or minute. A single dorsal fin, small and near midpoint of body; pelvic fins more or less below dorsal fin base ; dorsal and pelvic fins absent in some species; soft rays only. Lateral line spanning a few scales behind the head in some species, missing in others; scales cycloid (smooth to touch); abdominal scutes usually present (a single pelvic scute in the Dussumieriinae). Branchiostegal rays usually 5-10. Most feed on small planktonic animals. Size range (adults ): from 2 to 75 cm. One of the most important family of commercial fishes, processed for food, oil , or fish meal .The family Clupeidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Clupeiformes. It contains 66 genera and 216 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is carangiform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the lower Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. This family may be found from 70° n to 55° s and 180° w to 179° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield ; doubtless a reference to the scales covering the body of the fish + Greek, odous = teeth

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 921 meters (0 to 3,022 feet).[1]

Biome: Fresh water , brackish water, saltwater . Pelagic .

Biology

Diet

Feeds on a wide range of planktonic crustaceans; larger adults feed on small schooling fishes [2][3].

Migration

Amphihaline species, spending most of his life in sea [3]. Schooling and strongly migratory species, penetrating far up rivers , but not into small tributaries[2]. Enters rivers to spawn in May, usually at night and where the current is swift[2]. Adults return to sea after spawning while the juveniles move down to the sea in autumn[2]. Migrating adults do not feed [4].

Anadromous .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Alausa vulgaris Valenciennes, 1847
2. Alosa Aestivalis
3. Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)
4. Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786)
5. Alosa alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
6. Alosa communis Yarrell, 1836
7. Alosa cuvieri Malm, 1877
8. Alosa cuvierii Malm, 1877
9. Alosa Fallax
10. Alosa fallax /i> (Lacepède, 1803)
11. Alosa fallax /i> (Lacépède, 1803)
12. Alosa Fallax Fallax
13. Alosa fallax fallax /i> (Lacepède, 1803)
14. Alosa fallax fallax /i> (Lacépède, 1803)
15. Alosa fallax fallax (Lacepede 1803)
16. Alosa fallax (Lacepede 1803)
17. Alosa fallax nilotica (Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 1808)
18. Alosa Linck
19. Alosa Linck, 1790
20. Alosa Mediocris
21. Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814)
22. Alosa Pseudoharengus
23. Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811)
24. Alosa rusa Mauduyt, 1848
25. Clupea aestivalis Mitchill, 1814
26. Clupea alosa Linnaeus, 1758
27. Clupea fallax Lac épède, 1803
28. Clupea Mediocris
29. Clupea mediocris Mitchill, 1814
30. Clupea pseudoharengus Wilson, 1811
31. Cyprinus Agone

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 23-Jul-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Alosa

There are approximately 109 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. aestavalis · A. aestivalis (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. agone (Mediterranean Shad) · A. alabamae (Alabama Shad) · A. alburnus · A. algeriensis · A. alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa bulgarica · A. apicalis · A. argyrochloris · Harengula clupeola · A. braschnikowi (Brazhnikov´s Shad) · A. braschnikowii autumnalis · A. braschnikowii nirchi · A. braschnikowii orientalis · A. braschnikowi braschnikowi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. braschnikowi sarensis (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi · A. brashnikovi brashnikovi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi maeotica · A. brevis · A. caspia (Caspian Shad) · A. caspia caspia (Il´men Shad) · A. caspia knipowitschi (Enzeli Shad) · A. caspia nordmanni · A. caspia persica (Astrabad Shad) · A. caspia salina · A. caspia tanaica · A. caspia vistonica · A. chrysochloris (Skipjack Herring) · A. communis · A. cyanonoton · A. elongata · A. fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax algeriensis · A. fallax bolivari · A. fallax fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax killarnensis · A. fallax lacustris · A. fallax nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. fallax rhodanensis · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. finta · A. finta algeriensis · A. finta killarnensis · A. finta lacustris · A. finta rhodanensis · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. kanagurta · A. kessleri (Caspian Anadromous Shad) · A. killarnensis · A. lacustris benacensis · A. lacustris ceresioverbana · A. lacustris lariana · A. lacustrus benacensis · A. lineata · A. macedonica (Macedonia Shad) · A. maeotica (Black Sea Shad) · A. maeotica maeotica · A. malayana · A. mattowacca · A. mediocris (Freshwater Taylor) · A. menhaden · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. musica · A. nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. ohiensis · A. papalina · A. pectinata · A. pilchardus · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. pontica danubii · A. pontica kessleri · A. pontica moriac · A. pontica nigrescens · A. pontica pontica · A. pontica russac · A. praestabilis · A. psendoharengus · A. pseudoharengus (Anadromous Alewives) · A. psuedoharengus · A. reevesii · A. sapadissima · A. sapidisima · A. sapidissima (Connecticut River Shad) · A. sapidissma · A. saposchnikowii (Saposhnikovi Shad) · A. saposhnikovi · A. sardina · Sardinella aurita · A. sp · A. sphaerocephala (Agrakhana Shad) · A. squamopinnata · A. suworowi · A. tanaica (Paeostom Shad) · A. teres · A. toli · A. tyrannus · A. vistonica

More Info

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Further Reading

• A history of fishes; illus. by W. P. C. Tenison. New York, A. A. Wyn, 1949. ENG url p. 39, p. 73.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva.. . et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 577.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 427.
• Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique. Montreuil [etc.]Gauther-Villars [etc.] FRE url p. 8.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 108, p. 11, p. 12, p. 124, p. 207, p. 255, p. 256, p. 264, p. 267, p. 281, p. 7, p. 8.
• Ecological animal geography; an authorized, rewritten edition based on Tiergeographie auf ockologischer grundlage / by Richard Hesse.. . prepared by W. C. Allee.. . and Karl P. Schmidt.. . New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1937. ENG url p. 317.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 187, p. 377.
• Fishery leaflet / United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, ENG url p. 6.
• Handw�rterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt.. . (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck.. . (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns.. . (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum.. . (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon.. . (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 129, p. 898.
• Monogenetic trematodes: their systematics and phylogeny / by Boris E. Bychowsky; edited by William J. Hargis, Jr.; translated by Pierre C. Oustinoff. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, c1961. ENG url p. 271.
• The Trematoda of British fishes. London, Sold by B. Quaritch, 1947. ENG url p. 339, p. 346.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• FishBase 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• FishBase, FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Fishes
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2486650
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22770
• Fishbase Species ID: 101
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14389557
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161708
• IUCN ID: 903
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1761

Footnotes

1. Mean = 54.830 meters (179.888 feet), Standard Deviation = 167.550 based on 141 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, [back]
3. "Murdannia stenothyrsa". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 31. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Billard, R. (1997). Les poissons d'eau douce des rivi�res de France. Identification, inventaire et r�partition des 83 esp�ces. Lausanne: Delachaux & Niestl�, 192p. [back]

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